Associations between smoke exposure and kidney stones: results from the NHANES (2007–2018) and Mendelian randomization analysis

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

It is currently controversial whether smoke exposure is associated with the risk of kidney stones. Herein, publicly available databases were combined to explore relationships with the risk of nephrolithiasis in terms of smoking status and serum cotinine concentrations.

Materials and methods

First, we conducted an observational study using data from 2007 to 2018, based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression, trend testing, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and multiple imputation (MI) were the main analytical methods of our study. Then, A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to explore the causal relationship between serum cotinine and nephrolithiasis. Genetic inst

SUBMITTER: Huang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10450509 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature