Sexual Dimorphism in the Limb Bones of Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans) in Relation to Sexual Selection

ABSTRACT:

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In this study, the sexual dimorphism of the limb bones of the Asiatic toad was investigated. Despite male toads having smaller body lengths than females, they possess longer upper arms, forearms, thighs, calves, and feet. Additionally, the humerus and radioulna bones of males are heavier compared to females, and the protrusions on the humerus and femur of males are longer and higher than females. However, female toads have significantly longer hands than males. These sexual differences in limb morphology are believed to be adaptations to specific reproductive behaviors. We propose that the sexual dimorphism in the limb morphology of the Asiatic toad may be attributed to amplexus and male–male competition during the long process of adaptive evolution.

Abstract

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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10451170 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature