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Exposure of volunteers to microgravity by dry immersion bed over 21 days results in gene expression changes and adaptation of T cells.

ABSTRACT: The next steps of deep space exploration are manned missions to Moon and Mars. For safe space missions for crew members, it is important to understand the impact of space flight on the immune system. We studied the effects of 21 days dry immersion (DI) exposure on the transcriptomes of T cells isolated from blood samples of eight healthy volunteers. Samples were collected 7 days before DI, at day 7, 14, and 21 during DI, and 7 days after DI. RNA sequencing of CD3⁺ T cells revealed transcriptional alterations across all time points, with most changes occurring 14 days after DI exposure. At day 21, T cells showed evidence of adaptation with a transcriptional profile resembling that of 7 days before DI. At 7 days after DI, T cells again changed their transcriptional profile. These data suggest that T cells adapt by rewiring their transcriptomes in response to simulated weightlessness and that remodeling cues persist when reexposed to normal gravity.

SUBMITTER: Gallardo-Dodd CJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10456848 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exposure of volunteers to microgravity by dry immersion bed over 21 days results in gene expression changes and adaptation of T cells.

Gallardo-Dodd Carlos J CJ Oertlin Christian C Record Julien J Galvani Rômulo G RG Sommerauer Christian C Kuznetsov Nikolai V NV Doukoumopoulos Evangelos E Ali Liaqat L Oliveira Mariana M S MMS Seitz Christina C Percipalle Mathias M Nikić Tijana T Sadova Anastasia A AA Shulgina Sofia M SM Shmarov Vjacheslav A VA Kutko Olga V OV Vlasova Daria D DD Orlova Kseniya D KD Rykova Marina P MP Andersson John J Percipalle Piergiorgio P Kutter Claudia C Ponomarev Sergey A SA Westerberg Lisa S LS

Science advances 20230825 34

The next steps of deep space exploration are manned missions to Moon and Mars. For safe space missions for crew members, it is important to understand the impact of space flight on the immune system. We studied the effects of 21 days dry immersion (DI) exposure on the transcriptomes of T cells isolated from blood samples of eight healthy volunteers. Samples were collected 7 days before DI, at day 7, 14, and 21 during DI, and 7 days after DI. RNA sequencing of CD3<sup>+</sup> T cells revealed tra ...[more]

PMID: 37624890

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Project description:Background: The dry immersion (DI) model closely reproduces factors of spaceflight environment such as supportlessness, mechanical and axial unloading, physical inactivity, and induces early increased bone resorption activity and metabolic responses as well as fluid centralization. The main goal of this experiment was to assess the efficacity of venoconstrictive thigh cuffs, as countermeasure to limit cephalad fluidshift, on DI-induced deconditioning, in particular for body fluids and related ophthalmological disorders. Our specific goal was to deepen our knowledge on the DI effects on the musculoskeletal events and to test whether intermittent counteracting fluid transfer would affect DI-induced bone modifications. Methods: Eighteen males divided into Control (DI) or Cuffs (DI-TC) group underwent an unloading condition for 5 days. DI-TC group wore thigh cuffs 8-10 h/day during DI period. Key markers of bone turnover, phospho-calcic metabolism and associated metabolic factors were measured. Results: In the DI group, bone resorption increased as shown by higher level in Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b at DI24h. C-terminal telopeptide levels were unchanged. Bone formation and mineralization were also affected at DI24h with a decreased in collagen type I synthesis and an increased bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. In addition, osteocalcin and periostin levels decreased at DI120h. Calcemia increased up to a peak at DI48h, inducing a trend to decrease in parathyroid hormone levels at DI120h. Phosphatemia remained unchanged. Insulin-like growth factor 1 and visfatin were very sensitive to DI conditions as evidenced by higher levels by 120% vs. baseline for visfatin at DI48h. Lipocalin-2, a potential regulator of bone homeostasis, and irisin were unchanged. The changes in bone turnover markers were similar in the two groups. Only periostin and visfatin changes were, at least partially, prevented by thigh cuffs. Conclusion: This study confirmed the rapid dissociation between bone formation and resorption under DI conditions. It revealed an adaptation peak at DI48h, then the maintenance of this new metabolic state during all DI. Notably, collagen synthesis and mineralisation markers evolved asynchronously. Thigh cuffs did not prevent significantly the DI-induced deleterious effects on bone cellular activities and/or energy metabolism.

Dataset Information

Exposure of volunteers to microgravity by dry immersion bed over 21 days results in gene expression changes and adaptation of T cells.

Publications

Exposure of volunteers to microgravity by dry immersion bed over 21 days results in gene expression changes and adaptation of T cells.

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