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Interactions between Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Dairy Foods and the Gut Microbiota Influence Cardiovascular Health in an Australian Population.

ABSTRACT: The impact of a Mediterranean diet on the intestinal microbiome has been linked to its health benefits. We aim to evaluate the effects of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with dairy foods on the gut microbiome in Australians at risk of cardiovascular disease. In a randomised controlled cross-over study, 34 adults with a systolic blood pressure ≥120 mmHg and with risk factors for cardiovascular disease were randomly allocated to a Mediterranean diet with 3-4 daily serves of dairy foods (Australian recommended daily intake (RDI) of 1000-1300 mg per day (MedDairy)) or a low-fat (LFD) control diet. Between each 8-week diet, participants underwent an 8-week washout period. Microbiota characteristics of stool samples collected at the start and end of each diet period were determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. MedDairy-associated effects on bacterial relative abundance were correlated with clinical, anthropometric, and cognitive outcomes. No change in the overall faecal microbial structure or composition was observed with either diet (p > 0.05). The MedDairy diet was associated with changes in the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa, including an increase in Butyricicoccus and a decrease in Colinsella and Veillonella (p < 0.05). Increases in Butyricicoccus relative abundance over 8 weeks were inversely correlated with lower systolic blood pressure (r = -0.38, p = 0.026) and positively correlated with changes in fasting glucose levels (r = 0.39, p = 0.019), specifically for the MedDairy group. No significant associations were observed between the altered taxa and anthropometric or cognitive measures (p > 0.05). Compared to a low-fat control diet, the MedDairy diet resulted in changes in the abundance of specific gut bacteria, which were associated with clinical outcomes in adults at risk of CVD.

SUBMITTER: Choo JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10459086 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interactions between Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Dairy Foods and the Gut Microbiota Influence Cardiovascular Health in an Australian Population.

Choo Jocelyn M JM Murphy Karen J KJ Wade Alexandra T AT Wang Yanan Y Bracci Ella L EL Davis Courtney R CR Dyer Kathryn A KA Woodman Richard J RJ Hodgson Jonathan M JM Rogers Geraint B GB

Nutrients 20230819 16

The impact of a Mediterranean diet on the intestinal microbiome has been linked to its health benefits. We aim to evaluate the effects of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with dairy foods on the gut microbiome in Australians at risk of cardiovascular disease. In a randomised controlled cross-over study, 34 adults with a systolic blood pressure ≥120 mmHg and with risk factors for cardiovascular disease were randomly allocated to a Mediterranean diet with 3-4 daily serves of dairy foods (Australi ...[more]

PMID: 37630835

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Project description:Abstract Objectives While it is known that specific components of diet namely fiber, fatty acids, or polyphenols can modulate the gut microbiota, literature describing the influence of a specific dietary pattern such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD) on enteric microbiota especially in relation to health are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a MD intervention and the adherence to MD influences the gut fecal microbial composition in firefighters participating in Feeding America's Bravest, a randomized control trial. Methods Participants were firefighters who received a MD Nutritional Intervention (n = 22) or standard dietary advice (n = 24) as part of a cluster-randomized, controlled trial for 12 months. A lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire was administered and adherence scores to the MD were calculated (PREDIMED and Modified MD Score). Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing was performed from fecal samples, and the microbial composition was analyzed with a bioinformatics pipeline implemented using QIIME 2. R software was used for linear modeling. Results The predominant bacteria phyla in both groups were Firmicutes (52.9%), Bacteroidetes (39.8%), Proteobacteria (3.5%), and Actinobacteria (2.0%). A significant increase in the genus Prevotella was found in those in the intervention group (1.45 log-fold, P = 0.018) compared to controls. Furthermore, linear modeling revealed that higher adherence to MD was associated with lower abundance of Lachnospiriceae UCG-010 (R2 = 0.205, P < 0.001) and Eubacterium ventriosum group (R2 = 0.101, P = 0.016). There were no significant differences in alpha or beta diversity between the control and intervention group. Conclusions A MD intervention as well as higher adherence influence gut microbiota composition; specifically, Prevotella, a genus previously associated with plant-rich diets, was significantly higher in the intervention group. Additionally, higher adherence to MD was associated with multiple genera of bacteria previously involved in SCFA production, which may help elucidate the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean Diet. Funding Sources Grant support: EMW-2014-FP-00612, US Department of Homeland Security and Ohio University Startup funds. Trial Registration Number: NCT02941757

Project description:BackgroundThe Mediterranean diet is a well-recognized healthy diet that has shown to induce positive changes in gut microbiota. Lifestyle changes such as diet along with physical activity could aid in weight loss and improve cardiovascular risk factors.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of an intensive lifestyle weight loss intervention on gut microbiota.MethodsThis is a substudy of the PREDIMED-Plus (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus), a randomized controlled trial conducted in overweight/obese men and women (aged 55-75 y) with metabolic syndrome. The intervention group (IG) underwent an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention based on an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and physical activity promotion, and the control group (CG) underwent a non-energy-restricted MedDiet for 1 y. Anthropometric, biochemical, and gut microbial 16S rRNA sequencing data were analyzed at baseline (n = 362) and 1-y follow-up (n = 343).ResultsIG participants had a weight loss of 4.2 (IQR, -6.8, -2.5) kg compared with 0.2 (IQR, -2.1, 1.4) kg in the CG (P < 0.001). Reductions in BMI, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and triglycerides and an increase in HDL cholesterol were greater in IG than in CG participants (P < 0.05). We observed a decrease in Butyricicoccus, Haemophilus, Ruminiclostridium 5, and Eubacterium hallii in the IG compared with the CG. Many genera shifted in the same direction within both intervention groups, indicating an overall effect of the MedDiet. Decreases in Haemophilus, Coprococcus 3, and few other genera were associated with a decrease in adiposity parameters in both intervention groups. Changes in Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 were positively associated with changes in MedDiet adherence.ConclusionsWeight loss induced by an energy-restricted MedDiet and physical activity induce changes in gut microbiota. The role of MedDiet-induced changes on the host might be via short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, whereas with energy restriction, these changes might be modulated with other mechanisms, which need to be explored in future studies. This trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870 as ISRCT 89898870.

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Interactions between Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Dairy Foods and the Gut Microbiota Influence Cardiovascular Health in an Australian Population.

Publications

Interactions between Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Dairy Foods and the Gut Microbiota Influence Cardiovascular Health in an Australian Population.

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