Dataset Information

Emergence and Prevalence of an African Swine Fever Virus Variant in Wild Boar Populations in South Korea from 2019 to 2022.

ABSTRACT: African swine fever (ASF), a viral disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is associated with high mortality rates in domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has been spreading since its discovery in wild boars in Korea in October 2019. Genomic analyses have provided insights into the genetic diversity of the ASFV isolated from various regions, enabling a better understanding of the virus origin and transmission patterns. We conducted a genome analysis to evaluate the diversity and mutations of ASFV spreading among wild boars in Korea during 2019-2022. We compared the genomes of ASFV strains isolated from Korean wild boars and publicly available ASFV genomes. Genomic analysis revealed several single-nucleotide polymorphisms within multigene families (MGFs) 360-1La and 360-4L in Korean ASFV. MGF 360-1La and 360-4L variations were not observed in other ASFV strains, including those of genotype II. Finally, we partially analyzed MGFs 360-1La and 360-4L in ASFV-positive samples between 2019 and 2022, confirming the geographical distribution of the variants. Our findings can help identify new genetic markers for epidemiological ASFV analysis and provide essential information for effective disease management.

SUBMITTER: Kim G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10459476 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Emergence and Prevalence of an African Swine Fever Virus Variant in Wild Boar Populations in South Korea from 2019 to 2022.

Kim Garam G Kim So-Jeong SJ Kim Won-Jun WJ Kim Jung-Hyeuk JH Kim Ji-Chul JC Lee Sang-Geon SG Kim Eun-Sol ES Lee Sang-Hyun SH Jheong Weon-Hwa WH

Viruses 20230731 8

African swine fever (ASF), a viral disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is associated with high mortality rates in domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has been spreading since its discovery in wild boars in Korea in October 2019. Genomic analyses have provided insights into the genetic diversity of the ASFV isolated from various regions, enabling a better understanding of the virus origin and transmission patterns. We conducted a genome analysis to evaluate the diversity and mut ...[more]

PMID: 37632010

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Project description:African swine fever (ASF) is a serious global concern from an ecological and economic point of view. While it is well established that its main transmission routes comprise contact between infected and susceptible animals and transmission through contaminated carcasses, the specific mechanism leading to its long-term persistence is still not clear. Among others, a proposed mechanism involves the potential role of convalescent individuals, which would be able to shed the virus after the end of the acute infection. Using a spatially explicit, stochastic, individual-based model, we tested: (1) if ASF can persist when transmission occurs only through infected wild boars and infected carcasses; (2) if the animals that survive ASF can play a relevant role in increasing ASF persistence chances; (3) how hunting pressure can affect the ASF probability to persist. The scenario in which only direct and carcass-mediated transmission were contemplated had 52% probability of virus persistence 10 years after the initial outbreak. The inclusion of survivor-mediated transmission corresponded to slightly higher persistence probabilities (57%). ASF prevalence during the endemic phase was generally low, ranging 0.1-0.2%. The proportion of seropositive individuals gradually decreased with time and ranged 4.5-6.6%. Our results indicate that direct and carcass-mediated infection routes are sufficient to explain and justify the long-term persistence of ASF at low wild boar density and the ongoing geographic expansion of the disease front in the European continent. During the initial years of an ASF outbreak, hunting should be carefully evaluated as a management tool, in terms of potential benefits and negative side-effects, and combined with an intensive effort for the detection and removal of wild boar carcasses. During the endemic phase, further increasing hunting effort should not be considered as an effective strategy. Additional effort should be dedicated to finding and removing as many wild boar carcasses as possible.

Project description:African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly lethal viral disease, which affects different species of wild and domestic suids. After its human-caused introduction in Georgia in 2007, the ASF virus has found a new ecological reservoir in the large and continuous wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations of Eurasia, spreading both eastward and westward. ASF has also breached into the intensive pork meat production system. Although the disease has no zoonotic potential, its consequences on wild boar populations and the economic losses for the pig industry have been dramatic. As no vaccine or effective medical treatment is available to reliably protect wild boar or domestic pigs against ASF, eradication efforts are mainly based on intensive wild boar hunting and on removing a significant portion of the infected wild boar carcasses, which are the main environmental virus reservoir. Both strategies have produced poor results, so far, and ASF is becoming endemic. We compared wild boar hunting and carcass removal as alternative and combined strategies for the eradication of ASF in its endemic state, using a spatially explicit individual-based model, which incorporated the demography and spatial dynamics of a wild boar population, the spatial epidemiology of ASF in its endemic phase, and a management system acting for the eradication of the disease from the population. When no eradication effort was simulated, ASF exhibited a clear and strong tendency to persist and remain endemic in the wild boar population. Both hunting and carcass removal, when used alone, provided either a low power to remove the virus from the population, or required unrealistic field effort. The best performing scenario corresponded to the combined use of a 30% annual hunting rate and of an intensive carcass removal, during a 2-month period in late winter (February-March). Eradicating ASF from wild boar populations remains a hard task. Managers should promote a drastic increase in the effort dedicated to systematically identify and remove as many infected wild boar carcasses as possible from the affected areas, with at least 5-15 carcasses removed for each 100 hunted wild boar.

Project description:Environmental sources of infection can play a primary role in shaping epidemiological dynamics; however, the relative impact of environmental transmission on host-pathogen systems is rarely estimated. We developed and fit a spatially explicit model of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in wild boar to estimate what proportion of carcass-based transmission is contributing to the low-level persistence of ASFV in Eastern European wild boar. Our model was developed based on ecological insight and data from field studies of ASFV and wild boar in Eastern Poland. We predicted that carcass-based transmission would play a substantial role in persistence, especially in low-density host populations where contact rates are low. By fitting the model to outbreak data using approximate Bayesian computation, we inferred that between 53% and 66% of transmission events were carcass-based that is, transmitted through contact of a live host with a contaminated carcass. Model fitting and sensitivity analyses showed that the frequency of carcass-based transmission increased with decreasing host density, suggesting that management policies should emphasize the removal of carcasses and consider how reductions in host densities may drive carcass-based transmission. Sensitivity analyses also demonstrated that carcass-based transmission is necessary for the autonomous persistence of ASFV under realistic parameters. Autonomous persistence through direct transmission alone required high host densities; otherwise re-introduction of virus periodically was required for persistence when direct transmission probabilities were moderately high. We quantify the relative role of different persistence mechanisms for a low-prevalence disease using readily collected ecological data and viral surveillance data. Understanding how the frequency of different transmission mechanisms vary across host densities can help identify optimal management strategies across changing ecological conditions.

Dataset Information

Emergence and Prevalence of an African Swine Fever Virus Variant in Wild Boar Populations in South Korea from 2019 to 2022.

Publications

Emergence and Prevalence of an African Swine Fever Virus Variant in Wild Boar Populations in South Korea from 2019 to 2022.

Similar Datasets

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