The intersection of biological sex and gender in adverse events following seasonal influenza vaccination in older adults.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Women/females report more adverse events (AE) following immunization than men/males for many vaccines, including the influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. This discrepancy is often dismissed as a reporting bias, yet the relative contributions of biological sex and gender are poorly understood. We investigated the roles of sex and gender in the rate of AE following administration of the high-dose seasonal influenza vaccine to older adults (≥ 75 years) using an AE questionnaire administered 5-8 days post-vaccination. Participant sex (male or female) was determined by self-report and a gender score questionnaire was used to assign participants to one of four gender categories (feminine, masculine, androgynous, or undifferentiated). Sex steroid hormones and inflammatory cytokines

SUBMITTER: Shapiro JR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10463383 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature