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The interplay between dietary fatty acids and gut microbiota influences host metabolism and hepatic steatosis.

ABSTRACT: Dietary lipids can affect metabolic health through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, but the influence of lipid-microbiota interaction on liver steatosis is largely unknown. We investigate the impact of dietary lipids on human gut microbiota composition and the effects of microbiota-lipid interactions on steatosis in male mice. In humans, low intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) is associated with increased microbial diversity independent of fiber intake. In mice, poorly absorbed dietary long-chain SFA, particularly stearic acid, induce a shift in bile acid profile and improved metabolism and steatosis. These benefits are dependent on the gut microbiota, as they are transmitted by microbial transfer. Diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids are protective against steatosis but have minor influence on the microbiota. In summary, we find that diets enriched in poorly absorbed long-chain SFA modulate gut microbiota profiles independent of fiber intake, and this interaction is relevant to improve metabolism and decrease liver steatosis.

SUBMITTER: Schoeler M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10474162 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The interplay between dietary fatty acids and gut microbiota influences host metabolism and hepatic steatosis.

Schoeler Marc M Ellero-Simatos Sandrine S Birkner Till T Mayneris-Perxachs Jordi J Olsson Lisa L Brolin Harald H Loeber Ulrike U Kraft Jamie D JD Polizzi Arnaud A Martí-Navas Marian M Puig Josep J Moschetta Antonio A Montagner Alexandra A Gourdy Pierre P Heymes Christophe C Guillou Hervé H Tremaroli Valentina V Fernández-Real José Manuel JM Forslund Sofia K SK Burcelin Remy R Caesar Robert R

Nature communications 20230901 1

Dietary lipids can affect metabolic health through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, but the influence of lipid-microbiota interaction on liver steatosis is largely unknown. We investigate the impact of dietary lipids on human gut microbiota composition and the effects of microbiota-lipid interactions on steatosis in male mice. In humans, low intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) is associated with increased microbial diversity independent of fiber intake. In mice, poorly absorbed dietary long ...[more]

PMID: 37658064

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Project description:While a substantial amount of dietary fats escape absorption in the human small intestine and reach the colon, the ability of resident microbiota to utilize these dietary fats for growth has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we used an in vitro multivessel simulator system of the human colon to reveal that the human gut microbiota is able to utilize typically consumed dietary fatty acids to sustain growth. Gut microbiota adapted quickly to a macronutrient switch from a balanced Western diet-type medium to its variant lacking carbohydrates and proteins. We defined specific genera that increased in their abundances on the fats-only medium, including Alistipes, Bilophila, and several genera of the class Gammaproteobacteria In contrast, the abundances of well-known glycan and protein degraders, including Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Roseburia spp., were reduced under such conditions. The predicted prevalences of microbial genes coding for fatty acid degradation enzymes and anaerobic respiratory reductases were significantly increased in the fats-only environment, whereas the abundance of glycan degradation genes was diminished. These changes also resulted in lower microbial production of short-chain fatty acids and antioxidants. Our findings provide justification for the previously observed alterations in gut microbiota observed in human and animal studies of high-fat diets.IMPORTANCE Increased intake of fats in many developed countries has raised awareness of potentially harmful and beneficial effects of high fat consumption on human health. Some dietary fats escape digestion in the small intestine and reach the colon where they can be metabolized by gut microbiota. We show that human gut microbes are able to maintain a complex community when supplied with dietary fatty acids as the only nutrient and carbon sources. Such fatty acid-based growth leads to lower production of short-chain fatty acids and antioxidants by community members, which potentially have negative health consequences on the host.

Dataset Information

The interplay between dietary fatty acids and gut microbiota influences host metabolism and hepatic steatosis.

Publications

The interplay between dietary fatty acids and gut microbiota influences host metabolism and hepatic steatosis.

Similar Datasets

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