Pathological and therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.

ABSTRACT: Extracellular vesicles are released by all cell types and contain proteins, microRNAs, mRNAs, and other bioactive molecules. Extracellular vesicles play an important role in intercellular communication and in the modulation of the immune system and neuroinflammation. The cargo of extracellular vesicles (e.g., proteins and microRNAs) is altered in pathological situations. Extracellular vesicles contribute to the pathogenesis of many pathologies associated with sustained inflammation and neuroinflammation, including cancer, diabetes, hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy, and other neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Extracellular vesicles may cross the blood-brain barrier and transfer pathological signals from the periphery to the brain. This contributes to inducing neuroinflam

SUBMITTER: Izquierdo-Altarejos P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10479838 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature