Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Gaudette E
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10480002 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Le Canada manque-t-il le bateau? Un inventaire des médicaments approuvés à l’international entre 2016 et 2020 qui n’ont pas été soumis à Santé Canada.
Gaudette Étienne É Rizzardo Shirin S Wladyka Sasha B SB Rahman Tuhin T Pothier Kevin R KR
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 20230901 34
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Project description:BackgroundTrauma exposure is associated with adverse health-related correlates, including physical comorbidities, and is highly prevalent among public safety personnel (PSP). The current study (1) examined the association between context of index trauma exposure (part of job vs. other) and physical conditions and (2) established the prevalence of physical conditions according to PSP category (e.g., police, paramedic) and index trauma type (e.g., serious accident, physical assault) in a large Canadian sample of PSP.MethodsPSP completed an online survey between September 2016 and January 2017. Multivariable logistic regressions examined associations between context of index trauma exposure (i.e., part of job vs. other) and physical condition categories. Cross-tabulations with chi-square analyses examined whether the prevalence of physical conditions significantly differed according to PSP category and index trauma type.ResultsThere were 5,267 PSP included in the current study. Results from the most stringent model of logistic regressions demonstrated that, compared to PSP who experienced their index trauma in any other context, PSP who experienced it as part of their job had reduced odds of "other" physical conditions (adjusted odds ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 0.94, P < 0.05). Results also revealed significant differences in the prevalence of physical conditions across all PSP categories and select index trauma types.ConclusionResults highlight the relevance of trauma exposure outside of an occupational context among PSP and may have implications for the positive impact of stress inoculation and resiliency training programs for PSP.
| S-EPMC7361655 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between perceived adequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) and workplace-based infection control procedures (ICP) and mental health symptoms among a sample of health-care workers in Canada within the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA convenience-based internet survey of health-care workers in Canada was facilitated through various labor organizations between April 7 and May 13, 2020. A total of 7,298 respondents started the survey, of which 5,988 reported information on the main exposures and outcomes. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) screener, and depression symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) screener. We assessed the perceived need and adequacy of 8 types of PPE and 10 different ICP. Regression analyses examined the proportion of GAD-2 and PHQ-2 scores of 3 and higher across levels of PPE and ICP, adjusted for a range of demographic, occupation, workplace, and COVID-19-specific measures.ResultsA total of 54.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53.5% to 56.1%) of the sample had GAD-2 scores of 3 and higher, and 42.3% (95% CI, 41.0% to 43.6%) of the sample had PHQ-2 scores of 3 and higher. Absolute differences of 18% (95% CI, 12% to 23%) and 17% (95% CI, 12% to 22%) were observed in the prevalence of GAD-2 scores of 3 and higher between workers whose perceived PPE needs and ICP needs were met compared to those who needs were not met. Differences of between 11% (95% CI, 6% to 17%) and 19% (95% CI, 14% to 24%) were observed in PHQ-2 scores of 3 and higher across these same PPE and ICP categories.ConclusionsOur results suggest strengthening employer-based infection control strategies likely has important implications for the mental health symptoms among health-care workers in Canada.
| S-EPMC7509238 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In Canada, there has been little research exploring the link between child poverty and exposure to environmental contaminants. However, children living in poverty are more likely to grow up in neighbourhoods adjacent to polluting industries and heavily used transportation corridors. They are also more likely to live in improperly designed or maintained buildings where levels of contaminants and toxic residuals may be high, and indoor air quality poor. Risk factors such as exposure to cigarette smoke and poor nutritional status, together with the above living conditions during growth and development, create conditions that make children living in poverty more vulnerable to the effects of environmental contaminants. In Toronto, the South Riverdale Community Health Centre is developing grassroots techniques to build awareness and protect citizens. Given the growing levels of child poverty in Canada and decreasing environmental protection, the author suggests increased community action and health research for use in advocating for appropriate policy changes. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/BF03405092 and is accessible for authorized users.
| S-EPMC6990175 | biostudies-literature
Project description:L’asthme est une maladie inflammatoire qui se traduit par une bronchoconstriction qui peut être modulée par l’action de médiateurs lipidiques endogènes (Prostaglandines, Leucotriènes, Éicosanoïdes). Bien que le mode d’action moléculaire et les effets physiologiques des époxy-eicosanoïdes (EET) soient relativement bien caractérisés (Morin et al, 2007 AJRCMB), les stimuli responsables de leur production sont mal identifiés. Le but du projet est d’identifier ces stimulis. Notre hypothèse de travail est qu’il existe une relation entre les effets de la Bradykinine et la synthèse des EET endogènes dans la paroi des bronchioles humaines. Les objectifs spécifiques sont : 1) Établir un nouveau modèle d’hyperréactivité bronchique (HRB) par la mise en culture de bronchioles humaines pendant 48h en utilisant l’ IL-1? et l’IL-13 en combinaison ou non avec le TNF?; 2) Quantifier les effets relaxants de la Bradykinine et les comparer à ceux du 14,15-EET exogène sur des bronches humaines hyper-réactives en absence ou en présence de différents inhibiteurs. Des mesures de tension mécanique dans des bains à organes isolés ont été réalisées sur des bronches provenant de résections pulmonaires humaines, disséquées et mises en culture pendant 48 h. Un traitement à l’IL-13 et au TNF-?; induit une hyperréactivité bronchique qui est abolie par un traitement de 48 h avec 100 nM de 14,15-EET. De plus, 1 ?M de Bradykinine ou 1 ?M de 14,15-EET relaxe le tonus contractile induit par 30 nM d’U-46619, un analogue du thromboxane A2. Cet effet relaxant est réduit de 25% par 10 nM d’Iberiotoxine (un bloqueur des BKCa). L’augmentation de la production et de la biodisponibilité du 14,15-EET est donc une stratégie qui pourrait se révéler intéressante pour minimiser l’HRB. En perspective, il nous reste à tester l’effet de la Bradykinine en présence de MSPPOH, un inhibiteur de CYP450 époxygénases ce qui minimiserait la production endogène des EET, et permettrait de confirmer notre hypothèse de travail.
| S-EPMC3473011 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: In asthma, CD4+ T cells are selectively recruited into the bronchial mucosa. CD4+ T cells consist of different subsets that express lineage-specific transcription factors and play different roles either in initiating and supporting the development of immune response, but also in orchestrating and regulating them. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of T cells-bronchial fibroblasts interaction on CD4+ T cell phenotype. METHODS: Human bronchial fibroblasts were isolated from mild steroid naïve asthmatics and nonatopic healthy controls. CD4+ T cells were purified from the peripheral blood of healthy and asthmatic subjects. Co-culture of confluent healthy (HF) or asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts (AF) with T cells were performed. CD4+ T cell total RNA was purified and GATA-3, Foxp3 and RORc expression was detected by quantitative PCR. Th17 (IL-17,IL-22) lineage-specific cytokines profile were also evaluated. RESULTS: Co-culture of T cells with bronchial fibroblasts significantly stimulated RORc in asthmatic T cells only, whereas Foxp3 and GATA-3 were not affected in both asthmatic and healthy T cells. IL-6 and IL-23 expression either by AF and HF were also significantly increased by the coculture when, TGF-? expression was not affected. In CD4+ T cells, IL-17 and IL-22, Th17 lineage-specific cytokines were significantly increased by the coculture with AF. CONCLUSION: Interaction between bronchial fibroblasts and T cells seems to specifically promote Th17 cells profile in asthma. These results suggest that cellular interactions particularly between T cells and fibroblasts may play a pivotal role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in asthma.
| S-EPMC2900148 | biostudies-literature
Project description:La survie des extrêmes prématurés (moins de 28 semaines d'âge gestationnel) s'est améliorée au fil du temps. Bon nombre s'en sortent bien et ont une bonne qualité de vie. Ils demeurent toutefois vulnérables à des problèmes de santé, y compris des difficultés neurosensorielles et neurodéveloppementales, que les médecins de première ligne, les pédiatres et les cliniques spécialisées doivent surveiller. Le présent document de principes passe en revue les conséquences médicales et neurodéveloppementales potentielles pour les extrêmes prématurés dans les deux ans suivant leur congé et fournit des stratégies de counseling, de dépistage précoce et d'intervention. Parce qu'ils sont tous liés à l'extrême prématurité, la dysplasie bronchopulmonaire ou les troubles respiratoires, les problèmes d'alimentation et de croissance, le développement neurosensoriel (vision et audition), la paralysie cérébrale et le trouble du spectre de l'autisme doivent faire rapidement l'objet d'une évaluation. Pour évaluer la croissance et le développement, il faut corriger l'âge chronologique en fonction de l'âge gestationnel jusqu'à 36 mois de vie. Par ailleurs, l'attention au bien-être émotionnel des parents et des proches fait partie intégrante des soins de qualité de l'extrême prématuré.
| S-EPMC9528784 | biostudies-literature
Project description:La survie des extrêmes prématurés (moins de 28 semaines d'âge gestationnel) s'est améliorée au fil du temps. Bon nombre s'en sortent bien et ont une bonne qualité de vie. Ils demeurent toutefois vulnérables à des problèmes de santé, y compris des difficultés neurosensorielles et neurodéveloppementales, que les médecins de première ligne, les pédiatres et les cliniques spécialisées doivent surveiller. Le présent document de principes passe en revue les conséquences médicales et neurodéveloppementales potentielles pour les extrêmes prématurés dans les deux ans suivant leur congé et fournit des stratégies de counseling, de dépistage précoce et d'intervention. Parce qu'ils sont tous liés à l'extrême prématurité, la dysplasie bronchopulmonaire ou les troubles respiratoires, les problèmes d'alimentation et de croissance, le développement neurosensoriel (vision et audition), la paralysie cérébrale et le trouble du spectre de l'autisme doivent faire rapidement l'objet d'une évaluation. Pour évaluer la croissance et le développement, il faut corriger l'âge chronologique en fonction de l'âge gestationnel jusqu'à 36 mois de vie. Par ailleurs, l'attention au bien-être émotionnel des parents et des proches fait partie intégrante des soins de qualité de l'extrême prématuré.
| S-EPMC9528784 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background The goal of this research project was to identify and suggest means of filling the gaps/needs in Canadian research activity and public policy action on the income and health relationship. Methods The research consisted of an environmental scan and analysis of 321 empirical research pieces from Canada (n=241), the United Kingdom (n=40) and Finland (n=40) followed by a systematic gaps/needs analysis of these studies by members of three advisory committees, consisting of researchers and policy advocates. These data were complemented by key informant interviews with researchers from Canada, the UK and Finland. The gaps/needs were then reviewed and assigned priority rankings by members of the three advisory committees. Findings Numerous gaps/needs in Canadian research on income and health were apparent. They fell into five main areas: (a) training and capacity building in addressing income as a health determinant; (b) developing adequate data and measures; (c) researching specific substantive health issues; (d) researching specific public policy areas; and (e) developing an understanding of the pathways and mechanisms mediating the income and health relationship. Members of the advisory committees achieved a high level of agreement concerning these gaps/needs and means of reducing them. Conclusions The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and the Institute of Population Health should target specific research initiatives to help fill the identified gaps in knowledge. They should also work together with public policy institutes to synthesize findings concerning income, its distribution, and health, and help distribute these findings to the public in general and policy-makers in particular. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/BF03405393 and is accessible for authorized users.
| S-EPMC6976139 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC11477264 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesPlant-based medicines have had a long-standing history of use in psychiatric disorders. Highly quantified and standardized extracts or isolates may be termed "phytoceuticals," in a similar way that medicinal nutrients are termed as "nutraceuticals." Over the past 2 decades, several meta-analyses have examined the data for a range of plant-based medicines in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this international project is to provide a "meta-review" of this top-tier evidence.MethodsWe identified, synthesized, and appraised all available up to date meta-analyses... of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the efficacy and effectiveness of individual phytoceuticals across all major psychiatric disorders.ResultsOur systematic search identified 9 relevant meta-analyses of RCTs, with primary analyses including outcome data from 5,927 individuals. Supportive meta-analytic evidence was found for St John's wort for major depressive disorder (MDD); curcumin and saffron for MDD or depression symptoms, and ginkgo for total and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Kava was not effective in treating diagnosed anxiety disorders. We also provide details on 22 traditional Chinese herbal medicine formulas' meta-analyses (primarily for depression studies), all of which revealed highly significant and large effect sizes. Their methodology, reporting, and potential publication bias were, however, of marked concern. The same caveat was noted for the curcumin, ginkgo, and saffron meta-analyses, which may also have significant publication bias.ConclusionsMore rigorous international studies are required to validate the efficacy of these phytoceuticals before treatment recommendations can be made. In conclusion, the breadth of data tentatively supports several phytoceuticals which may be effective for mental disorders alongside pharmaceutical, psychological therapies, and standard lifestyle recommendations.
| S-EPMC8573706 | biostudies-literature