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Influence of Place of Birth on Adult Mortality: The Case of Spain.

ABSTRACT: We use a unique data set from Spain and we estimate life expectancy at age 50 for males and females by place of residence and place of birth. We show that, consistent with expectations regarding the influence of early conditions on adult health and mortality, the effects of place of birth on adult mortality are very strong, irrespective of place of residence. Furthermore, we find that mortality levels observed in a place are strongly influenced by the composition of migrants by place of birth. This is reflected in a new measure of heritability of early childhood conditions that attains a value in the range 0.42-0.43, implying that as much as 43 percent of the variance in Spain's life expectancy at age 50 is explained by place of birth. Finally, we find evidence of the healthy migrant effect, that is, positive health selection of migrants, at a regional level.

SUBMITTER: Aldea N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10484828 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Influence of Place of Birth on Adult Mortality: The Case of Spain.

Aldea Néstor N Ordanovich Dariya D Palloni Alberto A Ramiro Diego D Viciana Francisco F

European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie 20230907 1

We use a unique data set from Spain and we estimate life expectancy at age 50 for males and females by place of residence and place of birth. We show that, consistent with expectations regarding the influence of early conditions on adult health and mortality, the effects of place of birth on adult mortality are very strong, irrespective of place of residence. Furthermore, we find that mortality levels observed in a place are strongly influenced by the composition of migrants by place of birth. T ...[more]

PMID: 37679516

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Project description:BackgroundA key target of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals is to eliminate preventable deaths in newborns and children under 5. This study aimed to estimate the effect of time of birth on early neonatal mortality (ENM) and low Apgar scores at 5 min (LA5) in newborns.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using vital statistics data on live births, maternal morbidity, congenital defects and perinatal mortality in Cauca-Colombia (2017-2021) excluding out-of-hospital, multiple and major defect cases. A directed acyclic graph was constructed to define the confounder adjustment set. Multivariable logistic, linear and propensity score models evaluated the effect of birth timing on neonatal outcomes, estimating crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRa).ResultsWe assessed 65 182 live births, finding similar baseline characteristics for daytime and night-time births. ENM was 0.2% (95% CI 0.19% to 0.26%) at 7 days of follow-up, absolute mortality difference 0.1% (95% CI -0.01% to 0.12%). Night-time births increased the incidence of ENM in the primary analysis IRRa 1.27 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.82), in the secondary IRRa 1.45 (95% CI 0.94 to 2.20), and in the primary and secondary sensitivity analysis, respectively, IRRa 1.48 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.07) and 1.70 (95% CI 1.16 to 2.59). LA5 was present in 0.7% (95% CI 0.60% to 0.72%) of birth, with absolute LA5 difference 0.1% (95% CI -0.02% to 0.22%). Night-time births increased the incidence of LA5 in the primary analysis IRRa 1.31 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.49), in the secondary IRRa 1.44 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.83), and in the primary and secondary sensitivity analysis, respectively, IRRa 1.31 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.59) and IRRa 1.54 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.92).ConclusionsBirth at night-time is associated with worse neonatal outcomes, ENM and low Apgar scores in Colombia's diverse population, highlighting the need for optimised prenatal care, revised work schedules and improved referral systems in maternal health.

Project description:BackgroundDespite the substantial evidence of the relationship between diet and mortality, the role of beverage consumption patterns is not well known. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the adherence to a Healthy Beverage Score (HBS) and all-cause mortality in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population.Methods and findingsWe conducted an observational cohort study using data from the Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain (ENRICA), which included 12,161 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥18 years recruited in 2008 to 2010 and followed until January 2022. At baseline, food consumption was collected using a validated diet history. The HBS consists of 7 items, each of which is scored from 1 to 4 (highest adherence). The HBS ranges from 7 to 28 points with a higher score representing a healthier pattern. Adherence was assigned as a higher consumption of low-fat milk, and coffee and tea, a lower consumption of whole-fat milk, no consumption of fruit juice, artificially sweetened beverages, or sugar-sweetened beverages, and no or moderate consumption of alcohol. Total mortality was ascertained by linkage to the Spanish National Death Index. Statistical analyses were performed with Cox models and adjusted for the main confounders, including sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary variables, and morbidity. After a mean follow-up of 12.5 years (SD: 1.7; range: 0.5 to 12.9), a total of 967 deaths occurred. For all-cause mortality, the fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the highest versus lowest sex-specific quartiles of HBS was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [0.57, 0.91], p linear-trend = 0.015), corresponding to an 8.3% reduction in the absolute risk of death. A linear relationship between the risk of death and the adherence to the HBS was observed using restricted cubic splines. The results were robust to sensitivity analyses. The main limitation was that repeated measurements on beverage consumption were not available and beverage consumption could have changed during follow-up.ConclusionsIn this study, we observed that higher adherence to the HBS was associated with lower total mortality. Adherence to a healthy beverage pattern could play a role in the prevention of premature mortality.

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Influence of Place of Birth on Adult Mortality: The Case of Spain.

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Influence of Place of Birth on Adult Mortality: The Case of Spain.

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