The bladder cancer immune micro-environment in the context of response to immune checkpoint inhibition.

ABSTRACT: Treatment with neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is the default treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC). However, with the encouraging results of immune checkpoint inhibitiors (ICI) directed against PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in recent years, the treatment landscape of BC is rapidly changing. In addition, it is becoming clear that the effect of ICI is highly dependent on the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor immune micro-environment (TIME). Different immune cells are involved in an anti-tumor response in BC. Cytotoxic CD8⁺ T-cells are the main effector cells, aided by other immune cells including other T-cells, B-cells and pro-inflammatory macrophages. As part of the ongoing anti-tumor immune response, lymphocytes aggregate

SUBMITTER: van Dorp J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10505825 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature