Nano-scale smooth surface of the compact-TiO₂ layer via spray pyrolysis for controlling the grain size of the perovskite layer in perovskite solar cells.

ABSTRACT: The mechanism of perovskite film growth is critical for the final morphology and, thus, the performance of the perovskite solar cell. The nano-roughness of compact TiO₂ (c-TiO₂) fabricated via the spray pyrolysis method had a significant effect on the perovskite grain size and perovskite solar cell performance in this work. While spray pyrolysis is a low-cost and straightforward deposition technique suitable for large-scale application, it is influenced by a number of parameters, including (i) alcoholic solvent precursor, (ii) spray temperature, and (iii) annealing temperature. Among alcoholic solvents, 2-propanol and 1-butanol showed a smooth surface without any large TiO₂ particles on the surface compared to EtOH. The lowest roughness of the c-TiO<

SUBMITTER: Nukunudompanich M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10506461 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature