Trehalose phosphorylase as a novel potential allergen in a case of allergic reaction due to oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) ingestion.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rangkakulnuwat P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10509983 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Trehalose phosphorylase as a novel potential allergen in a case of allergic reaction due to oyster mushroom (<i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>) ingestion.
Rangkakulnuwat Pisuttikan P Aluksanasuwan Siripat S Somsuan Keerakarn K Chiangjong Wararat W Walker Arttapon A Thongklang Naritsada N Lao-Araya Mongkol M
The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global 20230321 2
To our knowledge, we present the first case report of allergic reaction from oyster mushroom ingestion, which was confirmed by an oral food challenge test. Trehalose phosphorylase was identified as a novel potential allergen by IgE immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. ...[more]
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Project description:The oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is a basidiomycete commonly found in the rotten wood and it is one of the most cultivated edible mushrooms globally. Pleurotus ostreatus is also a carnivorous fungus, which can paralyze and kill nematodes within minutes. However, the molecular mechanisms of the predator-prey interactions between P. ostreatus and nematodes remain unclear. PC9 and PC15 are two model strains of P. ostreatus and the genomes of both strains have been sequenced and deposited at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI). These two monokaryotic strains exhibit dramatic differences in growth, but because PC9 grows more robustly in laboratory conditions, it has become the strain of choice for many studies. Despite the fact that PC9 is the common strain for investigation, its genome is fragmentary and incomplete relative to that of PC15. To overcome this problem, we used PacBio long reads and Illumina sequencing to assemble and polish a more integrated genome for PC9. Our PC9 genome assembly, distributed across 17 scaffolds, is highly contiguous and includes five telomere-to-telomere scaffolds, dramatically improving the genome quality. We believe that our PC9 genome resource will be useful to the fungal research community investigating various aspects of P. ostreatus biology.
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Project description:There is a huge gap between food production and the exploding population demands in various parts of the world, especially developing countries. This increases the chances of malnutrition, leading to increased disease incidence and the need for functional foods to reduce mortality. Pleurotus ostreatus are edible mushrooms that are cheaply sourced and rich in nutrient with the potential to be harnessed toward addressing the present and future food crisis while serving as functional foods for disease prevention and treatment. This study evaluated the nutritional, proximate, vitamins and amino acids contents of Pleurotus ostreatus. The proximate composition of Pleurotus ostreatus in this study revealed that it contains 43.42% carbohydrate, 23.63% crude fiber, 17.06% crude protein, 8.22% ash, 1.21% lipid and a moisture content of 91.01 and 6.46% for fresh and dry samples of Pleurotus ostreatus, respectively. The monosaccharide and disaccharide profile of Pleurotus ostreatus revealed the presence of glucose (55.08 g/100 g), xylose (7.19 g/100 g), fructose (19.70 g/100 g), galactose (17.47 g/100 g), trehalose (7.37 g/100 g), chitobiose (11.79 g/100 g), maltose (29.21 g/100 g), sucrose (51.60 g/100 g) and lower amounts of cellobiose (0.01 g/100 g), erythrose (0.48 g/100 g) and other unidentified sugars. Potassium, Iron and Magnesium were the highest minerals present with 12.25 mg, 9.66 mg and 7.00 mg amounts, respectively. The vitamin profile revealed the presence of vitamin A (2.93 IU/100 g), C (16.46 mg/100 g), E (21.50 mg/100 g) and B vitamins with vitamin B2 having the highest concentration of 92.97 mg/kg. The amino acid scores showed that Pleurotus ostreatus had more non-essential amino acids (564.17 mg/100 g) than essential amino acids (67.83 mg/100 g) with a ratio of 0.11. Lysine (23.18 mg/100 g) was the highest essential amino acid while aspartic acid (492.12 mg/kg) was the highest non-essential amino acid present in Pleurotus ostreatus. It had a higher concentration of acidic amino acids, 492.12 mg/100 g (77.87%), followed by neutral amino acids, 106.66 mg/100 g (16.88%) and least were the basic amino acids, 23.18 mg/100 g (3.67%). Based on the nutritional assessment of the Pleurotus ostreatus analyzed in this study, it can be concluded that it can serve as an important functional food source that can be exploited to meet the increasing food demands and reduce micronutrient deficiencies in many parts of the world, especially developing countries.
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Project description:Reactive oxygen species reacts with numerous molecules in the body system causing oxidative damage, which requires antioxidants to ameliorate. Pleurotus ostreatus, a highly nutritious edible mushroom, has been reported to be rich in bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the comparative antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents of five extracts of P. ostreatus: aqueous (AE), chloroform (CE), ethanol (EE), methanol (ME) and n-hexane (HE). The phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined using standard in-vitro antioxidant assay methods. Results showed that the extracts contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, anthrocyanins, and betacyanins in varied amounts. CE had the highest flavonoid content (104.83 ± 29.46 mg/100 g); AE gave the highest phenol content of 24.14 ± 0.02 mg/100 g; tannin was highest in EE (25.12 ± 0.06 mg/100 g); HE had highest amounts of alkaloids (187.60 ± 0.28 mg/100 g) and saponins (0.16 ± 0.00 mg/100 g). Antioxidant analyses revealed that CE had the best hydroxyl radical activity of 250% at 100 µg/ml and ferric cyanide reducing power of 8495 µg/ml; ME gave the maximum DPPH activity (87.67%) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (65.58%) at 500 µg/ml; EE had the highest nitric oxide radical inhibition of 65.81% at 500 µg/ml and ascorbate peroxidase activity of 1.60 (iU/l). AE had the best total antioxidant capacity (5.27 µg/ml GAE at 500 µg/ml) and ferrous iron chelating activity (99.23% at 100 µg/ml) while HE gave the highest guaiacol peroxidase activity of 0.20(iU/l). The comparative phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics (IC50) of the extracts followed the order: CE > AE > EE > ME > HE. Overall, chloroform was the best extraction solvent for P. ostreatus. The high content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and alkaloids in P. ostreatus makes it a rich source of antioxidants and potential candidate for the development of new therapies for a variety of oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Project description:Liver damage involves oxidative stress and a progression from chronic hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The increased incidence of liver disease in Egypt and other countries in the last decade, coupled with poor prognosis, justify the critical need to introduce alternative chemopreventive agents that may protect against liver damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of exopolysaccharide-peptide (PSP) complex extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus as a hepatoprotective agent against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced hepatocellular damage in rats. The levels of liver injury markers (ALT, AST and ALP) were substantially increased following DEN/CCl4 treatment. DEN/CCl4 - induced oxidative stress was confirmed by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and reduced glutathione. PSP reversed these alterations in the liver and serum, and provided protection evidenced by reversal of histopathological changes in the liver. The present study demonstrated that PSP extract from P. ostreatus exhibited hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects against DEN/CCl4-induced hepatocellular damage in rats. Given the high prevalence of HCV-related liver damage in Egypt, our results suggest further clinical evaluation of P. ostreatus extracts and their potential hepatoprotective effects in patients with liver disease.
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Project description:Pleurotus ostreatus strain:baby oyster mushroom Genome sequencing
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Project description:Isogenic virus-cured and virus-infected fungal strains were previously obtained and compared to investigate mycoviral diseases and, specifically, the influence of viral infection on the vegetative growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. The present study demonstrated that infection with mycovirus PoV-ASI2792 (PoV) caused phenotypic and physiological changes in fungal cells and mycelia. The microscopically determined growth rate of the virus-infected strain was lower than that of the virus-cured strain, due to the conglomerate phenomenon during the mycelial growth process. An exploration of the viral effects of PoV on fruiting bodies yield showed significantly lower than that on virus-cured P. ostreatus. A colorimetric assay of polyphenol oxidase activity in the strains showed very weak activity in the virus-infected strain. To estimate the activity levels of enzymes related to the growth and fruiting body formation, the relative expression levels of genes encoding various extracellular enzymes such as Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes) were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The expression levels of the assayed genes were significantly lower in virus-infected than in virus-cured P. ostreatus. Together, these results indicate that PoV infection affects the spawn growth and fruiting body formation of P. ostreatus via decreased expression and activity of some extracellular enzymes including lignocellulolytic enzymes.
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Project description:Blue light is an important environmental factor that induces mushroom primordium differentiation and fruiting body development. Although blue-light treatment has been applied for the production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), the blue-light response mechanisms of P. ostreatus still remain unclear. In the present study, we exposed the primordium of P. ostreatus to blue-light, red-light, and dark conditions for 7 days. Subsequently, comparative transcriptomics analysis of the stipe, pileus, and gill under the three light conditions was performed to reveal the gene expression response mechanism of P. ostreatus to blue light and red light. The results showed that blue light enhanced the growth and development of all the three organs of P. ostreatus, especially the pileus. In contrast, red light slightly (non-significantly) inhibited pileus growth. When compared with red-light and dark treatments, blue-light treatment significantly upregulated gene expression involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the peroxisome in the pileus, but not in the gill or stipe. Most of the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway genes were upregulated in the pileus by blue light. When compared with dark treatment, red-light treatment downregulated the expression of many respiration metabolism genes in the pileus. These results revealed that blue light enhanced the activation of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, whereas red light weakened glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway activation. The conclusion can be drawn that blue light improved P. ostreatus fruiting body (particularly, the pileus) growth rate via enhancement of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Project description:MicroRNAs are essential regulators of gene expression and have been extensively studied in plants and animals; however, few reports have been published in mushrooms. Po-MilR-1 is a novel microRNA with a length of 22 bp in Pleurotus ostreatus. The secondary structures of five precursors and the target genes of Po-MilR-1 were predicted. Expression profile analysis showed Po-MilR-1 had specific expression in the primordium and fruiting body. To explore its physiological function, Po-MilR-1 was overexpressed in P. ostreatus. The transformants showed slow mycelium growth rate and abnormal pileus with irregular edge, which suggested Po-MilR-1 plays an important role in P. ostreatus development. Additionally, Po-MilR-1 and one of its target hydrophobin genes POH1 had opposite temporal expression profiles in the primordium and fruiting body, which revealed that Po-MilR-1 may perform its physiological function through the negative regulation of POH1. This study explored the development-related function of a mushroom microRNA and will provide a reference for other microRNAs.
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Project description:Pleurotus is an important genus comprising several edible species of great commercial significance. These species are grown all across the world. The production areas of Pleurotus mainly belong to the Asian part and are gaining wide popularity across the globe owing to their promising nutritional gains. The demand for improved strains with high productivity has also been rising. The genetic improvement in Pleurotus started with a simple selection technique, which later utilized hybridization (intraspecific, interspecific and intergeneric) and mutation breeding. The traits such as productivity, sporelessness and quality improvement are important objectives on which most of the works have been done so far. However, new generation approaches such as molecular breeding, genetic transformation and genome editing techniques also added pace to the present improvement process. Hitherto, seven species of Pleurotus have been sequenced and a sizable data has been generated that can be used in further breeding programs. This paper discusses and summarizes various research findings on genetic improvement of Pleurotus and gives an outlook for future breeding programs.
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