Optimal type and dose of hypoxic training for improving maximal aerobic capacity in athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Feng X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10513096 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Oral pathologies can cause athletic underperformance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of malocclusion on maximal aerobic capacity in young athletes with the same anthropometric data, diet, training mode, and intensity from the same athletics training center. Sub-elite track and field athletes (middle-distance runners) with malocclusion (experimental group (EG); n = 37; 21 girls; age: 15.1 ± 1.5 years) and without malocclusion (control group (CG); n = 13; 5 girls; age: 14.7 ± 1.9 years) volunteered to participate in this study. Participants received an oral diagnosis to examine malocclusion, which was defined as an overlapping of teeth that resulted in impaired contact between the teeth of the mandible and the teeth of the upper jaw. Maximal aerobic capacity was assessed using the VAMEVAL test (calculated MAS and estimated VO2max). The test consisted of baseline values that included the following parameters: maximum aerobic speed (MAS), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), heart rate frequency, systolic (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), blood lactate concentration (LBP), and post-exercise blood lactate assessment (LAP) after the performance of the VAMEVAL test. There were no statistically significant differences between the two study groups related to either anthropometric data (age: EG = 15.1 ± 1.5 vs. CC = 14.7 ± 1.9 years (p = 0.46); BMI: EG = 19.25 ± 1.9 vs. CC = 19.42 ± 1.7 kg/m2 (p = 0.76)) or for the following physical fitness parameters and biomarkers: MAS: EG = 15.5 (14.5-16.5) vs. CG = 15.5 (15-17) km/h (p = 0.47); VO2max: EG = 54.2 (52.5-58.6) vs. CG = 54.2 (53.4-59.5) mL/kg/min (p = 0.62) (IQR (Q1-Q3)); heart rate before the physical test: EG = 77.1 ± 9.9 vs. CG = 74.3 ± 14.0 bpm (p = 0.43); SAP: EG = 106.6 ± 13.4 vs. CG = 106.2 ± 14.8 mmHg (p = 0.91); DAP: EG = 66.7 ± 9.1 vs. CG = 63.9 ± 10.2 mmHg (p = 0.36); LBP: EG = 1.5 ± 0.4 vs. CG = 1.3 ± 0.4 mmol/L (p = 0.12); and LAP: EG = 4.5 ± 2.36 vs. CG = 4.06 ± 3.04 mmol/L (p = 0.60). Our study suggests that dental malocclusion does not impede maximal aerobic capacity and the athletic performance of young track and field athletes.
| S-EPMC10051721 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Maximal aerobic exercise capacity (V̇O2max) is one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality. Aerobic exercise training can increase V̇O2max, but inter-individual variability is marked and unexplained physiologically. The mechanisms underlying this variability have major clinical implications for extending human healthspan. Here, we report the first comprehensive, RNA-seq study of circulating transcriptome signatures related to ΔV̇O2max. We used RNA-seq to characterize transcriptomic predictors of ΔV̇O2max in healthy women who completed a 16-week, randomized controlled trial comparing higher vs. lower aerobic exercise training volume and intensity (four training groups, fully crossed). We found striking baseline gene expression differences in subjects who responded to aerobic exercise training with robust (R) vs. little/no (NR) ΔV̇O2max.
2022-06-22 | GSE206505 | GEO
Project description:Background/Objective: Combining blood flow restriction (BFR) with endurance training is exponentially increasing although the benefits are unclear in trained athletes. We aimed to describe the effects of aerobic and/or anaerobic training programmes combined with BFR on the aerobic capacity and related sport performance of trained athletes.MethodsDatabases used were MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, IBECS, CINHAL, COCHRANE, SCIELO and PEDro, through October 2021. For study selection, criteria included (a) clinical trials that recruited trained healthy athletes, that (b) proposed BFR in combination with aerobic/anaerobic training programmes (≥8 sessions) and that (c) evaluated either aerobic capacity or related sport performance. For data extraction, a reviewer extracted the data, and another reviewer independently verified it. The tool RoB 2 (Risk of bias 2) was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsTen studies met the eligibility criteria, capturing a total of 207 participants. Although it did not reveal any significant effects from training with BFR on aerobic capacity compared to the same training without BFR, effect sizes were extremely high. Subgroup analyses according to the intensity of the training programmes found similar results for low-to-moderate or high-intensity training compared to the same sessions without BFR.ConclusionAlthough adding BFR to training sessions always produce benefits from baseline in aerobic capacity and sport performance of trained athletes, these results are not better than those observed after the same training sessions without BFR. The reduced number of studies, small sample sizes and some concerns regarding risk of bias should be highlighted as limitations.Registration numberCRD42021248212.
| S-EPMC8965159 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A low maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is a strong risk factor for premature mortality. Supervised endurance exercise training increases VO2max with a very wide range of effectiveness in humans. Discovering the DNA variants that contribute to this heterogeneity typically requires substantial sample sizes. In the present study, we first use RNA expression profiling to produce a molecular classifier that predicts VO2max training response. We then hypothesized that the classifier genes would harbor DNA variants that contributed to the heterogeneous VO2max response. Two independent preintervention RNA expression data sets were generated (n=41 gene chips) from subjects that underwent supervised endurance training: one identified and the second blindly validated an RNA expression signature that predicted change in VO2max ("predictor" genes). The HERITAGE Family Study (n=473) was used for genotyping. We discovered a 29-RNA signature that predicted VO2max training response on a continuous scale; these genes contained approximately 6 new single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gains in VO2max in the HERITAGE Family Study. Three of four novel candidate genes from the HERITAGE Family Study were confirmed as RNA predictor genes (i.e., "reciprocal" RNA validation of a quantitative trait locus genotype), enhancing the performance of the 29-RNA-based predictor. Notably, RNA abundance for the predictor genes was unchanged by exercise training, supporting the idea that expression was preset by genetic variation. Regression analysis yielded a model where 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms explained 23% of the variance in gains in VO2max, corresponding to approximately 50% of the estimated genetic variance for VO2max. In conclusion, combining RNA profiling with single-gene DNA marker association analysis yields a strongly validated molecular predictor with meaningful explanatory power. VO2max responses to endurance training can be predicted by measuring a approximately 30-gene RNA expression signature in muscle prior to training. The general approach taken could accelerate the discovery of genetic biomarkers, sufficiently discrete for diagnostic purposes, for a range of physiological and pharmacological phenotypes in humans.
| S-EPMC2886694 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsIn the current study we investigated the effects of resisted sprint training on sprinting performance and underlying mechanical parameters (force-velocity-power profile) based on two different training protocols: (i) loads that represented maximum power output (Lopt) and a 50% decrease in maximum unresisted sprinting velocity and (ii) lighter loads that represented a 10% decrease in maximum unresisted sprinting velocity, as drawn from previous research (L10).MethodsSoccer [n = 15 male] and rugby [n = 21; 9 male and 12 female] club-level athletes were individually assessed for horizontal force-velocity and load-velocity profiles using a battery of resisted sprints, sled or robotic resistance respectively. Athletes then performed a 12-session resisted (10 × 20-m; and pre- post-profiling) sprint training intervention following the L10 or Lopt protocol.ResultsBoth L10 and Lopt training protocols had minor effects on sprinting performance (average of -1.4 to -2.3% split-times respectively), and provided trivial, small and unclear changes in mechanical sprinting parameters. Unexpectedly, Lopt impacted velocity dominant variables to a greater degree than L10 (trivial benefit in maximum velocity; small increase in slope of the force-velocity relationship), while L10 improved force and power dominant metrics (trivial benefit in maximal power; small benefit in maximal effectiveness of ground force orientation).ConclusionsBoth resisted-sprint training protocols were likely to improve performance after a short training intervention in already sprint trained athletes. However, widely varied individualised results indicated that adaptations may be dependent on pre-training force-velocity characteristics.
| S-EPMC5895020 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aimed to identify variations in weekly training load, training monotony, and training strain across a 10-week period (during both, pre- and in-season phases); and to analyze the dose-response relationships between training markers and maximal aerobic speed (MAS), maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength. Twenty-seven professional soccer players (24.9±3.5 years old) were monitored across the 10-week period using global positioning system units. Players were also tested for maximal aerobic speed, maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength before and after 10 weeks of training. Large positive correlations were found between sum of training load and extension peak torque in the right lower limb (r = 0.57, 90%CI[0.15;0.82]) and the ratio agonist/antagonist in the right lower limb (r = 0.51, [0.06;0.78]). It was observed that loading measures fluctuated across the period of the study and that the load was meaningfully associated with changes in the fitness status of players. However, those magnitudes of correlations were small-to-large, suggesting that variations in fitness level cannot be exclusively explained by the accumulated load and loading profile.
| S-EPMC6892557 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of intermittent hypoxic training on the aerobic capacity of exercisers.MethodsPubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the effects of intermittent hypoxic training on the aerobic capacity of exercisers from January 1, 2000, to January 12, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata SE 16.0 software.ResultsA total of 19 articles from 27 studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the intermittent hypoxic training group had significantly increased maximal oxygen uptake [weighted mean difference = 3.20 (95%CI: 1.33 ~ 5.08)] and hemoglobin [weighted mean difference = 0.25 (95%CI: 0.04 ~ 0.45)].ConclusionIntermittent hypoxic training can significantly improve the aerobic capacity of exercisers. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
| S-EPMC10731756 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Accommodation resistance is a training technique that may improve strength and power gains beyond those achieved by traditional free weights. In this method, chains are either added on a free-weight bar and combined with traditional plates or added to the bar as the entire load. Purpose. The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of accommodation and constant resistance training methods during a four-week period on maximal strength and power in trained athletes. Methods. This study was comprised of 24 trained athletes, including 16 trained males [8 Wushu athletes (Kung-Fu) and 8 wrestlers, age: 20.5 ± 2.00 yrs. old]. Participants were initially tested on weight, body circumference, fat percent, upper and lower body maximal strength, determined by the 1-repetition maximum (1RM) test, which determines the greatest amount of weight a person can successfully lift, and upper and lower body power. Participants were equally randomized to either accommodation or constant resistance training groups. Both groups underwent resistance training for a four-week period that consisted of three sessions per week. Multivariate repeated-measures analyses of variance of the data were used to verify significant differences in strength and power between groups. The modified Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare the obtained results in pre-, mid-, and post test. Results. In the accommodation resistance group, there was a significant difference in lower body maximal strength compared to the constant group (163.12 ± 18.82 kg in the accommodation group vs. 142.25 ± 20.04 kg in the constant group, P = 0.04). No significant differences were found in upper body power, lower body power, and upper body maximal strength between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Although there was only a significant difference in lower body maximal strength between groups, accommodation resistance training may induce a physiological training response by improving the strength and power of stabilizing muscle groups required to balance the bar if consistently used over time.
| S-EPMC4081144 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The oxygen transport system in mammals is extensively remodelled in response to repeated bouts of activity, but many reptiles appear to be 'metabolically inflexible' in response to exercise training. A recent report showed that estuarine crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) increase their maximum metabolic rate in response to exhaustive treadmill training, and in the present study, we confirm this response in another crocodilian, American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). We further specify the nature of the crocodilian training response by analysing effects of training on aerobic [citrate synthase (CS)] and anaerobic [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] enzyme activities in selected skeletal muscles, ventricular and skeletal muscle masses and haematocrit. Compared to sedentary control animals, alligators regularly trained for 15 months on a treadmill (run group) or in a flume (swim group) exhibited peak oxygen consumption rates higher by 27 and 16%, respectively. Run and swim exercise training significantly increased ventricular mass (~11%) and haematocrit (~11%), but not the mass of skeletal muscles. However, exercise training did not alter CS or LDH activities of skeletal muscles. Similar to mammals, alligators respond to exercise training by increasing convective oxygen transport mechanisms, specifically heart size (potentially greater stroke volume) and haematocrit (increased oxygen carrying-capacity of the blood). Unlike mammals, but similar to squamate reptiles, alligators do not also increase citrate synthase activity of the skeletal muscles in response to exercise.
| S-EPMC2768110 | biostudies-other
Project description:This study aimed to investigate the effects of concurrent aerobic and strength training (CT) in patients with type 2 diabetes and determine the most effective dose of CT. From the inception of the databases to March 2024, we conducted a systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CT intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes. Two independent authors assessed the risk of bias of the study using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tools. Results analyzed included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), body mass index, body fat percentage, blood pressure, and VO2max. Pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses using Bayesian hierarchical random-effects modeling were performed to analyze the effects of CT in patients with type 2 diabetes. From the inception of the databases to March 2024, we conducted a systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CT intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes. Two independent authors assessed the risk of bias of the study using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tools. Results analyzed included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), body mass index, body fat percentage, blood pressure, and VO2max. Pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses using Bayesian hierarchical random-effects modeling were performed to analyze the effects of CT in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 1948 participants (935 males) were included in 23 RCTs. The male/female ratio of participants was 52/48; the mean age range was 50-65 years. The results show that CT significantly reduced HbA1c levels (MD=-0.48%, 95% CrI: -0.55 to -0.40), with some heterogeneity among different levels (SD=0.31, 95% CrI: 0.17 to 0.51), and the model converged well. Similarly, FBG levels were also significantly improved (MD=-0.48 mmol/L, 95% CrI: -0.55 to -0.40), with greater heterogeneity (SD=17.73, 95% CrI: 11.23 to 28.09). Additionally, we found a non-linear dose-response relationship between CT and HbA1c levels, with an optimal dose of 1030 METs-min/week (MD=-0.47%, 95% CrI: -0.68 to -0.26, SE=0.11). CT significantly improves several health indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes. A non-linear dose-response relationship was observed between the training dose of CT and HbA1c, and it is recommended that 270 min of moderate-intensity CT or 160 min of vigorous-intensity CT be performed weekly.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024547119.Keywords: meta-analysis; concurrent aerobic and strength training.
| S-EPMC11603704 | biostudies-literature