Dataset Information

Consistent changes in muscle metabolism underlie dive performance across multiple lineages of diving ducks.

ABSTRACT: Diving animals must sustain high activity with limited O₂ stores to successfully capture prey. Studies suggest that increasing body O₂ stores supports breath-hold diving, but less is known about metabolic specializations that underlie underwater locomotion. We measured maximal activities of 10 key enzymes in locomotory muscles (gastrocnemius and pectoralis) to identify biochemical changes associated with diving in pathways of oxidative and substrate-level phosphorylation and compared them across three groups of ducks-the longest diving sea ducks (eight spp.), the mid-tier diving pochards (three spp.) and the non-diving dabblers (five spp.). Relative to dabblers, both diving groups had increased activities of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase, and sea ducks further showed increases in citrate synthase (CS) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD). Both diving groups had relative decreases in capacity for anaerobic metabolism (lower ratio of lactate dehydrogenase to CS), with sea ducks also showing a greater capacity for oxidative phosphorylation and lipid oxidation (lower ratio of pyruvate kinase to CS, higher ratio of HOAD to hexokinase). These data suggest that the locomotory muscles of diving ducks are specialized for sustaining high rates of aerobic metabolism, emphasizing the importance of body O₂ stores for dive performance in these species.

SUBMITTER: Schell ER

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10523079 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Consistent changes in muscle metabolism underlie dive performance across multiple lineages of diving ducks.

Schell Elizabeth R ER McCracken Kevin G KG Scott Graham R GR White Jeff J Lavretsky Philip P Dawson Neal J NJ

Proceedings. Biological sciences 20230927 2007

Diving animals must sustain high activity with limited O<sub>2</sub> stores to successfully capture prey. Studies suggest that increasing body O<sub>2</sub> stores supports breath-hold diving, but less is known about metabolic specializations that underlie underwater locomotion. We measured maximal activities of 10 key enzymes in locomotory muscles (gastrocnemius and pectoralis) to identify biochemical changes associated with diving in pathways of oxidative and substrate-level phosphorylation an ...[more]

PMID: 37752838

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Project description:Introduction: The embryonic thermal programming (TM) in birds has been shown to impact several physiological parameters such as resistance to thermal stress, muscle growth or immunity. In mule ducks, it has recently been shown that TM can induce metabolic programming resulting in increased liver weight and fat storage after overfeeding. However, a decrease in hatchability and foie gras quality was also observed, suggesting that this technique needs to be optimized. Here, we tested a new thermal manipulation condition determined with the objective of avoiding negative impacts while maintaining or improving liver properties. Methods: The eggs of the control group were incubated at 37.6°C during the whole incubation period while those of the experimental group (TM group) were incubated at 39.3°C 16 h/24 h from the 11th day of incubation to the 21st. After hatching, all the animals were fed and raised under the same conditions until the age of 12 weeks. At this stage, one part of the animals was overfed and then slaughtered 2 h (to measure rapid changes in metabolism) or 10 h after the last meal (to obtain the best technological yields), while the other part was ration-fed and slaughtered 2 h after the last meal, at the same age. Results: An 8% increase in foie gras production was measured in the TM group compared to the control group without altering the quality of the final product (nor hatchability), confirming the successful optimization of the metabolic programming. Interestingly, these results allowed us not to reject the previously suggested hypothesis of a potential delay in metabolic processes involved in liver fattening in programmed animals, in particular by measuring a trend reversal regarding the amount of total hepatic lipids in both groups at 2 h and then 10 h after the last meal. Discussion: This study therefore validates the optimization of metabolic programming by embryonic thermal manipulation for duck liver fattening. The understanding of the mechanisms of embryonic thermal programming in birds remains today very incomplete and the search for epigenetic marks (main hypothesis of the concept of programming) at the origin of the observed phenotypes could be the next step of this work.

Dataset Information

Consistent changes in muscle metabolism underlie dive performance across multiple lineages of diving ducks.

Publications

Consistent changes in muscle metabolism underlie dive performance across multiple lineages of diving ducks.

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