A bispecific nanobody with high sensitivity/efficiency for simultaneous determination of carbaryl and its metabolite 1-naphthol in the soil and rice samples.

ABSTRACT: The simultaneous determination of carbaryl and its metabolite 1-naphthol is essential for risk assessment of pesticide exposure in agricultural and environmental samples. Herein, several bispecific nanobodies (BsNbs) with different lengths of hydrophilic linkers and junction sites were prepared and characterized for the simultaneous recognition of carbaryl and its metabolite 1-naphthol. It was found that the affinity of BsNbs to the analytes could be regulated by controlling linker length and linking terminal. Additionally, molecular simulation revealed that linker lengths affected the conformation of BsNbs, leading to alteration in sensitivity. The BsNb with G₄S linker, named G₄S-C-N-VHH, showing good thermal stability and sensitivity was used to develop a bispecific

SUBMITTER: Liu ML 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10529271 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature