Dataset Information

Four New Species of Small-Spored Alternaria Isolated from Solanum tuberosum and S. lycopersicum in China.

ABSTRACT: Small-spored Alternaria species have been frequently isolated from diseased leaves of Solanum plants. To clarify the diversity of small-spored Alternaria species, a total of 118 strains were obtained from leaf samples of S. tuberosum and S. lycopersicum in six provinces of China during 2022-2023. Based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA region (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1), RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2), Alternaria major allergen gene (Alt a 1), endopolygalacturonase gene (EndoPG) and an anonymous gene region (OPA10-2), seven species were determined, including four novel species and three known species (A. alternata, A. gossypina and A. arborescens). The novel species were described and illustrated as A. longxiensis sp. nov., A. lijiangensis sp. nov., A. lycopersici sp. nov. and A. solanicola sp. nov.. In addition, the pathogenicity of the seven species was evaluated on potato leaves. The species exhibited various aggressiveness, which could help in disease management.

SUBMITTER: Gou Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10532295 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Four New Species of Small-Spored Alternaria Isolated from Solanum tuberosum and S. lycopersicum in China.

Gou Yanan Y Aung Sein Lai Lai SLL Guo Zhuanjun Z Li Zhi Z Shen Shulin S Deng Jianxin J

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 20230827 9

Small-spored Alternaria species have been frequently isolated from diseased leaves of Solanum plants. To clarify the diversity of small-spored Alternaria species, a total of 118 strains were obtained from leaf samples of S. tuberosum and S. lycopersicum in six provinces of China during 2022-2023. Based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA region (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d ...[more]

PMID: 37754988

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Project description:BackgroundEndogenous pararetroviral sequences (EPRVs) are a recently discovered class of repetitive sequences that is broadly distributed in the plant kingdom. The potential contribution of EPRVs to plant pathogenicity or, conversely, to virus resistance is just beginning to be explored. Some members of the family Solanaceae are particularly rich in EPRVs. In previous work, EPRVs have been characterized molecularly in various species of Nicotiana including N.tabacum (tobacco) and Solanum tuberosum (potato). Here we describe a family of EPRVs in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and a wild relative (S.habrochaites).ResultsMolecular cloning and DNA sequence analysis revealed that tomato EPRVs (named LycEPRVs) are most closely related to those in tobacco. The sequence similarity of LycEPRVs in S.lycopersicum and S.habrochaites indicates they are potentially derived from the same pararetrovirus. DNA blot analysis revealed a similar genomic organization in the two species, but also some independent excision or insertion events after species separation, or flanking sequence divergence. LycEPRVs share with the tobacco elements a disrupted genomic structure and frequent association with retrotransposons. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that copies of LycEPRV are dispersed on all chromosomes in predominantly heterochromatic regions. Methylation of LycEPRVs was detected in CHG and asymmetric CHH nucleotide groups. Although normally quiescent EPRVs can be reactivated and produce symptoms of infection in some Nicotiana interspecific hybrids, a similar pathogenicity of LycEPRVs could not be demonstrated in Solanum L. section Lycopersicon [Mill.] hybrids. Even in healthy plants, however, transcripts derived from multiple LycEPRV loci and short RNAs complementary to LycEPRVs were detected and were elevated upon infection with heterologous viruses encoding suppressors of PTGS.ConclusionThe analysis of LycEPRVs provides further evidence for the extensive invasion of pararetroviral sequences into the genomes of solanaceous plants. The detection of asymmetric CHH methylation and short RNAs, which are hallmarks of RNAi in plants, suggests that LycEPRVs are controlled by an RNA-mediated silencing mechanism.

Project description:Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is among the most important commercial horticultural crops worldwide. The crop quality and production is largely hampered due to the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani causing necrotrophic foliage early blight disease. Crop plants usually respond to the biotic challenges with altered metabolic composition and physiological perturbations. We have deciphered altered metabolite composition, modulated metabolic pathways and identified metabolite biomarkers in A. solani-challenged susceptible tomato variety Kashi Aman using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics. Alteration in the metabolite feature composition of pathogen-challenged (m/z 9405) and non-challenged (m/z 9667) plant leaves including 8487 infection-exclusive and 8742 non-infection exclusive features was observed. Functional annotation revealed putatively annotated metabolites and pathway mapping indicated their enrichment in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ubiquinone and terpenoid-quinones, brassinosteroids, steroids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, carotenoids, oxy/sphingolipids and metabolism of biotin and porphyrin. PCA, multivariate PLS-DA and OPLS-DA analysis showed sample discrimination. Significantly up regulated 481 and down regulated 548 metabolite features were identified based on the fold change (threshold ≥ 2.0). OPLS-DA model based on variable importance in projection (VIP scores) and FC threshold (> 2.0) revealed 41 up regulated discriminant metabolite features annotated as sphingosine, fecosterol, melatonin, serotonin, glucose 6-phosphate, zeatin, dihydrozeatin and zeatin-β-D-glucoside. Similarly, 23 down regulated discriminant metabolites included histidinol, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, propanoate, tyramine and linalool. Melatonin and serotonin in the leaves were the two indoleamines being reported for the first time in tomato in response to the early blight pathogen. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-based biomarker analysis identified apigenin-7-glucoside, uridine, adenosyl-homocysteine, cGMP, tyrosine, pantothenic acid, riboflavin (as up regulated) and adenosine, homocyctine and azmaline (as down regulated) biomarkers. These results could aid in the development of metabolite-quantitative trait loci (mQTL). Furthermore, stress-induced biosynthetic pathways may be the potential targets for modifications through breeding programs or genetic engineering for improving crop performance in the fields.

Dataset Information

Four New Species of Small-Spored Alternaria Isolated from Solanum tuberosum and S. lycopersicum in China.

Publications

Four New Species of Small-Spored <i>Alternaria</i> Isolated from <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> and <i>S. lycopersicum</i> in China.

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