Multimodal non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies for chronic pain: mechanisms and progress.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Chronic pain conditions impose significant burdens worldwide. Pharmacological treatments like opioids have limitations. Non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies (NINPT) encompass diverse interventions including physical, psychological, complementary and alternative approaches, and other innovative techniques that provide analgesic options for chronic pain without medications.

Main body

This review elucidates the mechanisms of major NINPT modalities and synthesizes evidence for their clinical potential across chronic pain populations. NINPT leverages peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal mechanisms to restore normal pain processing and limit central sensitization. However, heterogeneity in treatment protocols and individual responses warrants optimization through p

SUBMITTER: Shi Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10542257 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature