Cost and statistical efficiency of posture assessment by inclinometry and observation, exemplified by paper mill work
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mathiassen S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10547196 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Pulp and paper mill wastewater Metagenome
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Project description:A key challenge in chemicals biomanufacturing is the maintenance of stable, highly productive microbial strains to enable cost-effective fermentation at scale. A "cookie-cutter" approach to microbial engineering is often used to optimize host stability and productivity. This can involve identifying potential limitations in strain characteristics followed by attempts to systematically optimize production strains by targeted engineering. Such targeted approaches however do not always lead to the desired traits. Here, we demonstrate both 'hit and miss' outcomes of targeted approaches in attempts to generate a stable Escherichia coli strain for the bioproduction of the monoterpenoid linalool, a fragrance molecule of industrial interest. First, we stabilized linalool production strains by eliminating repetitive sequences responsible for excision of pathway components in plasmid constructs that encode the pathway for linalool production. These optimized pathway constructs were then integrated within the genome of E. coli in three parts to eliminate a need for antibiotics to maintain linalool production. Additional strategies were also employed including: reduction in cytotoxicity of linalool by adaptive laboratory evolution and modification or homologous gene replacement of key bottleneck enzymes GPPS/LinS. Our study highlights that a major factor influencing linalool titres in E. coli is the stability of the genetic construct against excision or similar recombination events. Other factors, such as decreasing linalool cytotoxicity and changing pathway genes, did not lead to improvements in the stability or titres obtained. With the objective of reducing fermentation costs at scale, the use of minimal base medium containing paper mill wastewater secondary paper fiber as sole carbon source was also investigated. This involved simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using either supplemental cellulase blends or by co-expressing secretable cellulases in E. coli containing the stabilized linalool production pathway. Combined, this study has demonstrated a stable method for linalool production using an abundant and low-cost feedstock and improved production strains, providing an important proof-of-concept for chemicals production from paper mill waste streams. For scaled production, optimization will be required, using more holistic approaches that involve further rounds of microbial engineering and fermentation process development.
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Project description:Declining carbon (C) content in agricultural soils threatens soil fertility and makes soil prone to erosion, which could be rectified with organic soil amendments. In a 4-yr field trial, we made a single application of three different organic sludges from the pulp and paper industry and studied their effects on cereal yield, soil C content, and fungal and bacterial composition. In laboratory rainfall simulations, we also studied the effects of the soil amendments on susceptibility to erosion and nutrient mobilization of a clay-textured soil by measuring the quality of percolation water passing through 40-cm intact soil monoliths during 2-d rainfall simulations over four consecutive years after application. A nutrient-poor fiber sludge reduced wheat yield in the first growing season, but there were no other significant effects on cereal yield or grain quality. An input of ∼8 Mg ha-1 C with the soil amendments had only minor effects on soil C content after 4 yr, likely because of fast microbe-mediated turnover. The amendments clearly changed the fungal and bacterial community composition. All amendments significantly reduced suspended solids (SS) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in percolation water. The effect declined with time, but the reduction in SS and TP was still >25% 4 yr after application. We attributed the lower tendency for particle detachment in rain simulations to direct interactions of soil minerals with the added particulate organic matter and microbe-derived compounds that stabilize soil aggregates. In soils with low organic matter content, pulp and paper industry by-products can be a viable measure for erosion mitigation.
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Project description:In rehabilitation, assistive and space robotics, the capability to track the body posture of a user in real time is highly desirable. In more specific cases, such as teleoperated extra-vehicular activity, prosthetics and home service robotics, the ideal posture-tracking device must also be wearable, light and low-power, while still enforcing the best possible accuracy. Additionally, the device must be targeted at effective human-machine interaction. In this paper, we present and test such a device based upon commercial inertial measurement units: it weighs 575 grams in total, lasts up to 10.5 hours of continual operation, can be donned and doffed in under a minute and costs less than 290 EUR. We assess the attainable performance in terms of error in an online trajectory-tracking task in Virtual Reality using the device through an experiment involving 10 subjects, showing that an average user can attain a precision of 0.66 cm during a static precision task and 6.33 cm while tracking a moving trajectory, when tested in the full peri-personal space of a user.
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Project description:We evaluated the possible mechanisms by which exposures to pulp and paper mill effluents gene expression in the fathead minnow hypothalamus Keywords: Toxicology
2010-07-07 | GSE17130 | GEO
Project description:The INDDEX24 Dietary Assessment Platform (INDDEX24) was developed to facilitate the collection of 24-h dietary recall (24HR) data. Alongside validation studies in Viet Nam and Burkina Faso in 2019-2020, we conducted activity-based costing studies to estimate the cost of conducting a 24HR among women of reproductive age using INDDEX24 compared with the pen-and-paper interview (PAPI) approach. We also modelled alternative scenarios in which: (1) 25-75 % of dietary reference data were borrowed from the INDDEX24 Global Food Matters Database (FMDB); (2) all study personnel were locally based and (3) national-scale surveys. In the primary analysis, in Viet Nam, the 24HR cost US $111 004 ($755/respondent, n 147) using INDDEX24 and $120 483 ($820/respondent, n 147) using PAPI. In Burkina Faso, the 24HR cost $78 105 ($539/respondent, n 145) using INDDEX24 and $79 465 ($544/respondent, n 146) using PAPI. In modelled scenarios, borrowing dietary reference data from the FMDB decreased the cost of INDDEX24 by 17-34 % (Viet Nam) and 5-15 % (Burkina Faso). With all locally based personnel, INDDEX24 cost more than PAPI ($498 v. $448 per respondent in Viet Nam and $456 v. $410 in Burkina Faso). However, at national scales (n 4376, Viet Nam; n 6500, Burkina Faso) using all locally based personnel, INDDEX24 was more cost-efficient ($109 v. $137 per respondent in Viet Nam and $123 v. $148 in Burkina Faso). In two countries and under most circumstances, INDDEX24 was less expensive than PAPI. Higher INDDEX24 survey preparation costs (including purchasing equipment) were more than offset by higher PAPI data entry, cleaning and processing costs. INDDEX24 may facilitate cost-efficient dietary data collection.
| S-EPMC9876804 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study investigated the effects of obesity on attentional resources allocated to postural control in seating and unipedal standing.MethodsTen non obese adults (BMI = 22.4±1.3, age = 42.4±15.1) and 10 obese adult patients (BMI = 35.2±2.8, age = 46.2±19.6) maintained postural stability on a force platform in two postural tasks (seated and unipedal). The two postural tasks were performed (1) alone and (2) in a dual-task paradigm in combination with an auditory reaction time task (RT). Performing the RT task together with the postural one was supposed to require some attentional resources that allowed estimating the attentional cost of postural control. 4 trials were performed in each condition for a total of 16 trials.Findings(1) Whereas seated non obese and obese patients exhibited similar centre of foot pressure oscillations (CoP), in the unipedal stance only obese patients strongly increased their CoP sway in comparison to controls. (2) Whatever the postural task, the additional RT task did not affect postural stability. (3) Seated, RT did not differ between the two groups. (4) RT strongly increased between the two postural conditions in the obese patients only, suggesting that body schema and the use of internal models was altered with obesity.InterpretationObese patients needed more attentional resources to control postural stability during unipedal stance than non obese participants. This was not the case in a more simple posture such as seating. To reduce the risk of fall as indicated by the critical values of CoP displacement, obese patients must dedicate a strong large part of their attentional resources to postural control, to the detriment of non-postural events. Obese patients were not able to easily perform multitasking as healthy adults do, reflecting weakened psycho-motor abilities.
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Project description:Four strains of filamentous bacteria were isolated from slimes collected in different paper mill factories. Morphological and physiological characterization of the isolates indicated an affiliation with the genus Sphaerotilus. However, while the physiological properties of the isolates were almost identical, pronounced physiological differences between the isolates and Sphaerotilus natans DSM 6575(T), DSM 565, and DSM 566 with respect to their ability to metabolize complex polysaccharides, sugars, polyalcohols, or organic acids as carbon sources were detected. In contrast to the analyzed culture collection strains of S. natans, all paper mill isolates were able to grow at elevated temperatures of up to 40 degrees C. Comparative sequence analysis of nearly complete 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences from the four new isolates demonstrated that the retrieved sequences were highly similar to each other (99.6 to 99.8% similarity) and to previously published partial 16S rDNA sequences of S. natans DSM 6575(T) and ATCC 15291. Polyphasic characterization of the isolated Sphaerotilus strains revealed interesting adaptations of the strains to the environmental paper mill conditions with regard to temperature tolerance and utilization of cellulose and starch.
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Project description:The majority of pulp and paper mills now biotreat their combined effluents using activated sludge. On the assumption that their wood-based effluents have negligible fixed N, and that activated-sludge microorganisms will not fix significant N, these mills routinely spend large amounts adding ammonia or urea to their aeration tanks (bioreactors) to permit normal biomass growth. N(2) fixation in seven Eastern Canadian pulp and paper mill effluent treatment systems was analyzed using acetylene reduction assays, quantitative nitrogenase (nifH) gene probing, and bacterial isolations. In situ N(2) fixation was undetectable in all seven bioreactors but was present in six associated primary clarifiers. One primary clarifier was studied in greater detail. Approximately 50% of all culturable cells in the clarifier contained nifH, of which >90% were Klebsiella strains. All primary-clarifier coliform bacteria growing on MacConkey agar were identified as klebsiellas, and all those probed contained nifH. In contrast, analysis of 48 random coliform isolates from other mill water system locations showed that only 24 (50%) possessed the nifH gene, and only 13 (27%) showed inducible N(2)-fixing activity. Thus, all the pulp and paper mill primary clarifiers tested appeared to be sites of active N(2) fixation (0.87 to 4.90 mg of N liter(-1) day(-1)) and a microbial community strongly biased toward this activity. This may also explain why coliform bacteria, especially klebsiellas, are indigenous in pulp and paper mill water systems.
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Project description:We evaluated the possible mechanisms by which exposures to pulp and paper mill effluents gene expression in the fathead minnow hypothalamus Keywords: Toxicology Sexually mature fathead minnows were exposed to 100% pulp and paper mill effluents for 5 days. Tanks contained 4 females and 2 males. A total 4 tanks per effluents were used in this experiment. TM5, TM6, and KM4 represent different pulp and paper mill effluents from different mills coded for by FPInnovations-Paprican.
2010-07-07 | E-GEOD-17130 | biostudies-arrayexpress