Dataset Information

The effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The worldwide prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant health challenge. Plant-based dietary patterns are a series dietary habits that emphasized foods derived from plant sources more and from animal foods less. Now, no consensus exists on the effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the incident of GDM.

Objective

This study aimed to estimate the effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the risk of developing GDM.

Methods

This systematic review was conducted following the checklist of PRISMA. Six electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang, and Chinese Scientific Journals Database were searched from inception to November 20, 2022. A fixed or random effect model was used to synthesize results of included studies. Then, subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were performed to assure the reliability and stability of the results.

Results

Ten studies including 32,006 participants were identified. The results of this study showed that the better adherence to the plant-based dietary patterns was related to the lower risk of developing GDM (RR = 0.88[0.81 to 0.96], I2 = 14.8%). The slightly stronger association between plant-based diets and the risk of developing GDM was found when healthy plant-based dietary pattern index was included in pooled estimate (RR = 0.86[0.79 to 0.94], I2 = 8.3%), compared with that unhealthy one was included (RR = 0.90[0.82 to 0.98], I2 = 8.3%).

Conclusion

The plant-based dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of developing GDM. Furthermore, healthy plant-based dietary patterns are more recommended than unhealthy one. It is significant to help medical staff to guide pregnant women to choose reasonable diets.

SUBMITTER: Zhu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10550137 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

The effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zhu Yu Y Zheng QingXiang Q Huang Ling L Jiang XiuMin X Gao XiaoXia X Li JiaNing J Liu RuLin R

PloS one 20231004 10

<h4>Background</h4>The worldwide prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant health challenge. Plant-based dietary patterns are a series dietary habits that emphasized foods derived from plant sources more and from animal foods less. Now, no consensus exists on the effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the incident of GDM.<h4>Objective</h4>This study aimed to estimate the effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the risk of developing GDM.<h4>Methods</h4>This system ...[more]

PMID: 37792722

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Project description:Although lifestyle interventions are recommended as the frontline therapeutic strategy for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the optimal dietary regimen or form of exercise has yet to be definitively established. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of lifestyle therapies for GDM. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched by multiple researchers for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs comparing lifestyle therapies to treat GDM with control or another treatment were included. Data extraction and synthesis were performed, estimating mean differences (MDs) or relative risk (RR) through pair-wise and network meta-analysis with a randomized or fixed-effects model when appropriate. The primary outcomes were maternal glucose control, birth weight of newborns, macrosomia and preterm birth rate, and rate of need for insulin therapy. In total, 39 trials with information obtained from 2712 women assessed 15 treatments. After sensitivity analysis, we confirmed the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet [MD: -11.52; 95% credible intervals (CrIs): -14.01, -9.07, very low certainty of evidence (CoE)] and low glycemic index (GI) diets (MD: -6.3; 95% CrI: -9.9, -2.7, low CoE) have shown significant advantages in fasting plasma glucose and 2-h postprandial glucose control, respectively. Furthermore, the DASH diet and resistance exercise reduced insulin requirements independently by 71% (95% CrI: 52%, 84%) and 67% (95% CrI: 48%, 85%), respectively. Additionally, both the DASH (MD: -587.6; 95% CrI: -752.12, -421.85, low CoE) and low GI diets (MD: -180.09, 95% CrI: -267.48, -94.65, low CoE) reduced birth weight significantly, with the DASH diet also demonstrating effects in reducing macrosomia by 89% (95% CrI: 53%, 98%) and lowering the cesarean section rate by 46% (95% CI: 27%, 60%). However, exercise did not affect infant outcomes. Our findings suggest that the DASH diet and low GI diet and resistance exercise may be beneficial for maternal outcomes in pregnancies with GDM. The impact on infants is primarily observed through dietary interventions. Future research, characterized by higher quality and evidence grades, is necessary to complement and substantiate our findings. This study was registered with PROSPERO as CRD 42024527587.

Project description:Maternal dietary patterns before and during pregnancy play important roles in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy that are associated with GDM risk in pregnant U.S. women. From a 24 h dietary recall of 253 pregnant women (16-41 years) included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2012, food items were aggregated into 28 food groups based on Food Patterns Equivalents Database. Three dietary patterns were identified by reduced rank regression with responses including prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), dietary fiber, and ratio of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acid: "high refined grains, fats, oils and fruit juice", "high nuts, seeds, fat and soybean; low milk and cheese", and "high added sugar and organ meats; low fruits, vegetables and seafood". GDM was diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose levels ≥5.1 mmol/L for gestation <24 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for GDM, after controlling for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, family poverty income ratio, marital status, prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, energy intake, physical activity, and log-transformed C-reactive protein (CRP). All statistical analyses accounted for the appropriate survey design and sample weights of the NHANES. Of 249 pregnant women, 34 pregnant women (14%) had GDM. Multivariable AOR (95% CIs) of GDM for comparisons between the highest vs. lowest tertiles were 4.9 (1.4-17.0) for "high refined grains, fats, oils and fruit juice" pattern, 7.5 (1.8-32.3) for "high nuts, seeds, fat and soybean; low milk and cheese" pattern, and 22.3 (3.9-127.4) for "high added sugar and organ meats; low fruits, vegetables and seafood" pattern after controlling for maternal sociodemographic variables, prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, energy intake and log-transformed CRP. These findings suggest that dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with risk of GDM after controlling for potential confounders. The observed connection between a high consumption of refined grains, fat, added sugars and low intake of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy with higher odds for GDM, are consistent with general health benefits of healthy diets, but warrants further research to understand underlying pathophysiology of GDM associated with dietary behaviors during pregnancy.

Dataset Information

The effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

The effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Similar Datasets

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