Upcycling Waste: Citrus limon Peel-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots for Sensitive Detection of Tetracycline in the Nanomolar Range
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kundu A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10552100 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Green-emissive carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with exclusive chemosensing aspects were synthesized from orange pomace as a biomass-based precursor via a facile microwave method without using any chemicals. The synthesis of highly fluorescent CQDs with inherent nitrogen was confirmed through X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and transmission electron microscopic techniques. The average size of the synthesized CQDs was found to be 7.5 nm. These fabricated CQDs displayed excellent photostability, water solubility, and outstanding fluorescent quantum yield, i.e., 54.26%. The synthesized CQDs showed promising results for the detection of Cr6+ ions and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The sensitivity of CQDs toward Cr6+ and 4-NP was found up to the nanomolar range with the limit of detection values of 59.6 and 14 nM, respectively. Several analytical performances were thoroughly studied for high precision of dual analytes of the proposed nanosensor. Various photophysical parameters of CQDs (quenching efficiency, binding constant, etc.) were analyzed in the presence of dual analytes to gain more insights into the sensing mechanism. The synthesized CQDs exhibited fluorescence quenching toward incrementing the quencher concentration, which was rationalized by the inner filter effect through time-correlated single-photon counting measurements. The CQDs fabricated in the current work exhibited a lower detection limit and a wide linear range through the simple, eco-friendly, and rapid detection of Cr6+ and 4-NP ions. To evaluate the feasibility of the detection approach, real sample analysis was conducted, demonstrating satisfactory recovery rates and relative standard deviations toward the developed probes. This research paves the way for developing CQDs with superior characteristics utilizing orange pomace (biowaste precursor).
| S-EPMC10285992 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Herein, the data acquired regarding the preliminary and exploratory experiments conducted with potato peel as a biomass source for the direct thermochemical liquefaction is disclosed. The procedure was carried out in a 2-ethylhexanol/DEG solvent mixture at 160 °C in the presence of p-Toluenesulfonic acid. The adopted procedure afforded a bio-oil in high yield (up to 93%) after only 30 min. For longer reaction times, higher amounts of solid residues were obtained leading, consequently, to lower yields.
| S-EPMC4857219 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTraditional herbal medicine practitioners in the Ashanti region of Ghana use the fruit peels of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (C. limon) in preventive and curative treatment of many cancers including liver cancer. This ethnobotanical claim remains to be verified scientifically. Aim of the Study. This study investigated prophylactic hepatoprotective and anti-HCC effects of C. limon peel extract (LPE) in CCl4/olive oil-induced HCC-like rats.Materials and methodsAfter preparation of LPE, it was subjected to phytochemical screening using standard phytochemical methods. A total of 30 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 150-200 g) were randomly assigned into six groups of 5 rats each. Rats in the control group received olive oil (5 mL/kg ip) twice weekly for 16 weeks. Rats in the model group received CCl4/olive oil (2 mL/kg, ip) twice weekly for 16 weeks. Rats in capecitabine (10 mg/kg po) and LPE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg po) groups received CCl4/olive oil (2 mL/kg, i.p) in the morning and their respective treatments in the afternoon twice a week for 16 weeks. Rats in all groups had free access to food and water ad libitum. Body weight and survival rates were monitored. Rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, blood was collected, and liver and other organs were isolated. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), prothrombin time, bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha- (α-) fetoprotein (AFP), and liver histology were assessed.ResultsAlkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins were detected in LPE. Model rats demonstrated increased serum levels of AFP, CRP, ALP, GGT, ALT, and AST, prothrombin time, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, but decreased serum albumin and total protein compared to control rats. Unlike the control, model rats demonstrated fat accumulation in periportal and centrilobular hepatocytes and neoplastic transformation. Semiquantitation of periodic acid Schiff- (PAS-) stained liver sections showed decreased glycogen storage in hepatocytes of model rats compared to control rats. Compared to the model, LPE treatment protected against CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which was evidenced by decreased AFP, CRP, liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin, prothrombin time, and blood lymphocyte and monocyte counts; attenuation of fat accumulation; and increased glycogen storage, albumin, and total protein.ConclusionLPE abates CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by attenuating liver inflammation and improving metabolic, biosynthetic, and detoxification functions of the liver. The prophylactic hepatoprotective and anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects of LPE are attributable to its phytochemical composition raising hopes of finding potential anticancer bioactive compounds from C. limon fruit peels.
| S-EPMC10776197 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Citrus limon is among the species of the genus Citrus that dominates the world market. It is highly nutritious for humans as it contains twice the amount of the suggested daily intake of ascorbic acid and is also a good source of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and other bioactive compounds. This study aimed to identify the optimal extraction procedures and parameters to obtain the maximum quantity of bioactive components from lemon peel by-products. Various extraction techniques, including stirring, ultrasound, and pulsed electric field, were evaluated, along with factors such as extraction time, temperature, and solvent composition. The results revealed that simple stirring for 150 min at 20 °C proved to be the most effective and practical method. The ideal solvent mixture consisted of 75% ethanol and 25% water, highlighting the crucial role of solvent composition in maximizing extraction efficiency. Among the extracted compounds were phenolics, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids. Under optimum extraction conditions, the extract was found to contain high total phenolic content (TPC) (51.2 mg of gallic acid equivalents, GAE/g dry weight), total flavonoid content (TFC) (7.1 mg of rutin equivalents, RtE/g dry weight), amounts of ascorbic acid (3.7 mg/g dry weight), and total carotenoids content (TCC) (64.9 μg of β-carotene equivalents, CtE/g). Notably, the extracts demonstrated potent antioxidant properties (128.9 μmol of ascorbic acid equivalents, AAE/g; and 30.3 μmol of AAE/g as evidenced by FRAP and DPPH assays, respectively), making it a promising ingredient for functional foods and cosmetics. The study's implications lie in promoting sustainable practices by converting lemon peel into valuable resources and supporting human health and wellness through the consumption of natural antioxidants.
| S-EPMC10451340 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have recently emerged as innovative theranostic nanomaterials, enabling fast and effective diagnosis and treatment. In this study, a facile hydrothermal approach for N-doped biomass-derived CQDs preparation from Citrus clementina peel and amino acids glycine (Gly) and arginine (Arg) has been presented. The gradual increase in the N-dopant (amino acids) nitrogen content increased the quantum yield of synthesized CQDs. The prepared CQDs exhibited good biocompatibility, stability in aqueous, and high ionic strength media, similar optical properties, while differences were observed regarding the structural and chemical diversity, and biological and antioxidant activity. The antiproliferative effect of CQD@Gly against pancreatic cancer cell lines (CFPAC-1) was observed. At the same time, CQD@Arg has demonstrated the highest quantum yield and antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging radical method of 81.39 ± 0.39% and has been further used for the ion sensing and cellular imaging of cancer cells. The obtained results have demonstrated selective response toward Fe3+ detection, with linear response ranging from 7.0 µmol dm-3 to 50.0 µmol dm-3 with R2 = 0.9931 and limit of detection (LOD) of 4.57 ± 0.27 µmol dm-3. This research could be a good example of sustainable biomass waste utilization with potential for biomedical analysis and ion sensing applications.
| S-EPMC8465261 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Transcriptome Profile of CdSe/ZnS and InP/ZnS Quantum Dots on Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2021-01-30 | GSE165805 | GEO
Project description:Tetracycline (Tc) antibiotics, a class of synthetically produced broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs, have been widely used in animal husbandry, leading to their widespread presence in animal-derived foods. However, misuse, overuse, and non-compliance with withdrawal periods in animal farming have resulted in excessive Tc residues in these foods, which can cause various adverse reactions in humans, induce bacterial resistance, and pose a significant threat to public health. Consequently, the detection of Tc antibiotic residues in animal-derived food has become a critical issue. This study aims to establish a novel method for quantifying Tc residues in animal-derived food using quantum dots (QDs) fluorescence immunoassay (FLISA). The developed method was optimized to achieve a detection limit of 0.69 ng/mL and a quantitative detection range of 1.30 ~ 59.22 ng/mL. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by successfully determining Tc residues in pork, chicken, fish, milk, eggs, and honey samples spiked with Tc standard solutions, yielding recoveries ranging from 94.01% to 110.19% and relative standard deviations between 1.10% and 11.39%. The significance of this study lies in its potential to provide a rapid and reliable approach for monitoring Tc residues in animal-derived food products, thereby contributing to the enhancement of food safety monitoring practices. KEY POINTS: • Screen out tetracycline-specific blocking monoclonal antibodies • The quantitative detection has high specificity and sensitivity • This method can be a useful tool for laboratories or testing facilities.
| S-EPMC11646220 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nitrogen-doped graphene-coated Fe nanoparticles (EC@N6Fe0.6-700) were synthesized through the pyrolysis of a durian peel-supported urea ferric salt mixture. These materials were subsequently utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for oxidation of terramycin (TEC). The incorporation of an optimal amount of urea and ferric nitrate during the synthesis of materials significantly improves the catalytic activity of the resulting catalysts after pyrolysis. Using EC@N6Fe0.6-700 catalyst at a concentration of 0.10 g L-1, 98.55% oxidation of 20 mg L-1 TEC is achieved within 60 min. Additionally, EC@N6Fe0.6-700 exhibits exceptionally low metal leaching, with levels remaining below 0.25 mg L-1. The EC@N6Fe0.6-700 shows remarkable stability during oxidation and effectively resists interference, reusability, and robust stability throughout the oxidation process. The mechanism of the EC@N6Fe0.6-700/PMS/TEC system is determined, and the 1O2 is the main reactive oxygen species (ROSs). The XPS analysis confirms that the primary active sites are Fe0, as well as nitrogen-doped regions within the carbon matrix. This research demonstrates that by integrating iron and nitrogen with durian peel, it is possible to develop a PMS activator with satisfactory oxidation performance for the degradation of environmental pollutants.
| S-EPMC11901486 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Methyl orange (MO) is an organic synthetic dye widely used in laboratory and industrial applications. In laboratory settings, it serves as an acid-base indicator due to its distinct color change in both acidic and alkaline environments. Industrially, it is primarily utilized in the textile industry for its ultraviolet (UV) absorption properties. However, the discharge and leakage of methyl orange into the environment can cause severe ecological damage and pose potential carcinogenic and teratogenic risks to human health. Therefore, detecting and quantifying the concentration of methyl orange in various matrices is crucial. This study reports the synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) from orange peel as a precursor, using ethanol and dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvents. Cyan (c-GQDs) and yellow (y-GQDs) graphene quantum dots were synthesized through a bottom-up hydrothermal method. The difference in color is attributed to the redshift caused by the varying ratio of pyridine nitrogen to pyrrole nitrogen. These GQDs exhibited notable optical properties, with c-GQDs emitting cyan fluorescence and y-GQDs emitting yellow fluorescence under UV light. To investigate fluorescence quenching effects, nine commonly used dyes were tested, and all were found to quench the fluorescence of y-GQDs, with methyl orange having the most significant effect. The fluorescence quenching of orange peel-derived GQDs in the presence of methyl orange is attributed to poor dispersion in DMF solution. Additionally, the GQDs possess high specific surface area, abundant surface functional groups, and excellent electronic conductivity, which contribute to their effective fluorescence quenching performance. The average thickness of y-GQDs (the vertical dimension from the substrate upwards) was 3.51 nm, confirming their graphene-like structure. They emitted yellow fluorescence within the wavelength range of 450-530 nm. Notably, a significant linear correlation was found between the concentration of methyl orange and the fluorescence intensity of y-GQDs (regression coefficient = 0.9954), indicating the potential of GQDs as effective sensing materials for organic pollutant detection.
| S-EPMC11901586 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCitrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is the causative agent of citrus yellow vein clearing disease, and poses a serious threat to the lemon industry in Asia. The common symptoms of CYVCV-infected lemon plants are leaf crinkling, leaf chlorotic mottling, and yellow vein clearing. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CYVCV-citrus interaction that responsible for symptom occurrence is still unclarified. In this study, RNA-seq was performed to analyze the gene expression patterns of 'Eureka' lemon (Citrus limon Burm. f.) plants in response to CYVCV infection.ResultsThere were 3691 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by comparison between mock and CYVCV-infected lemon plants through RNA-seq. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that these DEGs were components of different pathways involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis. Among these, the DEGs related to phytohormone metabolism and photosynthesis pathways were further enriched and analyzed. This study showed that different phytohormone-related genes had different responses toward CYVCV infection, however almost all of the photosynthesis-related DEGs were down-regulated in the CYVCV-infected lemon plants. The obtained RNA-seq data were validated by RT-qPCR using 12 randomly chosen genes, and the results of mRNA expression analysis were consistent with those of RNA-seq.ConclusionsThe phytohormone biosynthesis, signaling and photosynthesis-related genes of lemon plants were probably involved in systemic infection and symptom occurrence of CYVCV. Notably, CYVCV infection had regulatory effects on the biosynthesis and signaling of phytohormone, which likely improve systemic infection of CYVCV. Additionally, CYVCV infection could cause structural changes in chloroplast and inhibition of photosynthesis pathway, which probably contribute to the appearance of leaf chlorotic mottling and yellow vein clearing in CYVCV-infected lemon plants. This study illustrates the dynamic nature of the citrus-CYVCV interaction at the transcriptome level and provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of CYVCV in lemon plants.
| S-EPMC9903606 | biostudies-literature