5-hydroxymethylcytosines regulate gene expression as a passive DNA demethylation resisting epigenetic mark in proliferative somatic cells.

ABSTRACT: Enzymatic erasure of DNA methylation in mammals involves iterative 5-methylcytosine (5mC) oxidation by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of DNA dioxygenase proteins. As the most abundant form of oxidized 5mC, the prevailing model considers 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as a key nexus in active DNA demethylation that can either indirectly facilitate replication-dependent depletion of 5mC by inhibiting maintenance DNA methylation machinery (UHRF1/DNMT1), or directly be iteratively oxidized to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC) and restored to cytosine (C) through thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG)-mediated 5fC/5caC excision repair. In proliferative somatic cells, to what extent TET-dependent removal of 5mC entails indirect DNA demethylation via 5hmC-induced replication-d

SUBMITTER: Wei A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10557716 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature