Effect of body mass index on soft tissues in adolescents with skeletal class I and normal facial height
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10557952 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectivesTo establish the three-dimensional facial soft tissue morphology of adolescent and adult females in the Guangdong population and to study the morphological characteristics of hyperdivergent skeletal class II females in Guangdong compared with that of normodivergent class I groups.Materials and methodsThe 3dMDface system was used to capture face scans of 160 patients, including 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adolescents (aged 11-14 years old) and 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adults (aged 18-30 years old). Thirty-two soft tissue landmarks were mapped, and 21 linear, 10 angular and 17 ratio measurements were obtained by 3dMDvultus analysis software. Data were assessed with a t-test of two independent samples between the normal adolescent and adult groups and between the normal and hyperdivergent skeletal class II groups.ResultsThe linear measurements of the Guangdong adult females were larger than those of the adolescents in both Class I and Class II groups. However, the angular and ratio measurements had no significant difference. The vertical linear measurements were higher and the sagittal and transverse linear measurements were smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (p < 0.05). The soft tissue ANB angle, chin-lip angle, and mandibular angle were significantly larger and the soft tissue facial convexity angle and nasal convexity angle were significantly smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in the ratio measurements between the hyperdivergent class II groups and the control groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe three-dimensional facial morphology of Guangdong adolescent and adult females was acquired. The facial soft tissue measurements of the adults were higher in the three dimensions except for the facial convexity and proportional relationships which were similar, suggesting that the growth pattern remained the same. The three-dimensional facial soft tissue features of hyperdivergent skeletal class II were characterized by the terms "long, convex, and narrow". Three-dimensional facial measurements can reflect intrinsic hard tissue characteristics.
| S-EPMC8966193 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to define obesity. However, concerns about its accuracy in predicting adiposity have been raised. The feasibility of using BMI as well as waist-height ratio (WHtR) in assessing adiposity was examined in relation to a more direct measurement of percent body fat (%BF). We analyzed the relation between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured fat mass and BMI and WHtR using the US 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. A considerable proportion of subjects in the healthy BMI range 20-25 were found to have excess adiposity, including 33.1% of males and 51.9% of females. The use of WHtR also supports the notion of normal-weight central obesity (NWCO), which increases with age. These findings have important implications not only for clinical practice but also for many comparative studies where control subjects are usually selected based on age, sex, and BMI.
| S-EPMC6889773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to examine secular trends in body mass, body height and body mass index (BMI) from measured rather than self-reported values between 1972 and 2017.MethodsA total of 4500 students (males = 51%) were selected from a stratified sampling. The age range varied between 6.0 and 17.9 years. The sample came from 24 elementary schools and 12 high schools located in six urban cities from the province of Québec. All the tests selected were based on standardized procedures that are recognized as valid and reliable. Standardization and modeling of smoothed percentile curves for each variable for both sexes were produced.ResultsRegional variations between youth from the province of Québec and those from all other Canadian provinces confirm the relevance of using data specific to the target population. Comparisons with the 1972 and 1982 data show an important increase in body mass (~ 7 kg, i.e. 16.4%) and BMI (~ 1.4 kg·m-2, i.e. 19.9%) with minor change in body height (~ 1.8 cm, i.e. 3.9%). Youth from low-income backgrounds (p = 0.001) as well as those living in large urban cities (p = 0.002) see their probability of developing overweight or obesity greatly increase (low-income = 2.1 times; large urban cities = 1.3 times). However, overweight and obesity rates seem to have stabilized at around 21% since 2004.ConclusionThis study provides up-to-date data on factors that contribute to the prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth in urban settings of Québec, and will be instrumental in guiding public health strategies designed to optimize growth outcomes.
| S-EPMC10115380 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between five anthropometric indicators, which includes body mass index (BMI), weight-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), ABSI-adolescents, and body roundness index (BRI) in Chinese children and adolescents, and select which could better predict cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRFs).MethodsCross-sectional study with 1,587 participants aged 3 to 17 years. Five anthropometric indicators were calculated according to weight, height and waist circumference (WC). Anthropometric measurements and laboratory indicators were used to diagnose CMRFs, which included hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose and abdominal obesity. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among anthropometric indicators, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were used to compare the predict ability of each anthropometric indicators, the cut-off value, sensitivity, specificity and Youden Index of each indicator were calculated.ResultsIn 3-6 years old children, ABSI-adolescent positively correlated with WC (r=0.727, P<0.001), BMI (r=0.218, P<0.001) and WHtR (r=0.752, P<0.001), and in 7-17 years old participants, the correlation coefficients increased to 0.842, 0.563 and 0.850 (P<0.001), respectively. BRI were strong correlated with BMI, WHtR and ABSI-adolescents in both age group (P<0.001). In 3-6 years group, the ROC analysis showed that BMI and ABSI were significantly better in identifying hypertension in both genders, WHtR and BRI were significantly better in identifying abdominal obesity in girls, but all of them were failed in identifying dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. In 7-17 years group, WHtR and BRI were significantly better in identifying hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity in both genders, BMI and ABSI performed better in identifying hyperglycemia in girls.ConclusionsIn Chinese children aged 3-6 years, there is no indicator performed best in all the CMRFs, in 7-17 years old teenagers, WHtR and BRI can be recommended to identify hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity and clustered CMRFs in both genders. However, ABSI showed weak discriminative power.
| S-EPMC8976678 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCurrent guidelines for evaluating cleft palate treatments are mostly based on two-dimensional (2D) evaluation, but three-dimensional (3D) imaging methods to assess treatment outcome are steadily rising.ObjectiveTo identify 3D imaging methods for quantitative assessment of soft tissue and skeletal morphology in patients with cleft lip and palate.Data sourcesLiterature was searched using PubMed (1948-2012), EMBASE (1980-2012), Scopus (2004-2012), Web of Science (1945-2012), and the Cochrane Library. The last search was performed September 30, 2012. Reference lists were hand searched for potentially eligible studies. There was no language restriction.Study selectionWe included publications using 3D imaging techniques to assess facial soft tissue or skeletal morphology in patients older than 5 years with a cleft lip with/or without cleft palate. We reviewed studies involving the facial region when at least 10 subjects in the sample size had at least one cleft type. Only primary publications were included.Data extractionIndependent extraction of data and quality assessments were performed by two observers.ResultsFive hundred full text publications were retrieved, 144 met the inclusion criteria, with 63 high quality studies. There were differences in study designs, topics studied, patient characteristics, and success measurements; therefore, only a systematic review could be conducted. Main 3D-techniques that are used in cleft lip and palate patients are CT, CBCT, MRI, stereophotogrammetry, and laser surface scanning. These techniques are mainly used for soft tissue analysis, evaluation of bone grafting, and changes in the craniofacial skeleton. Digital dental casts are used to evaluate treatment and changes over time.ConclusionAvailable evidence implies that 3D imaging methods can be used for documentation of CLP patients. No data are available yet showing that 3D methods are more informative than conventional 2D methods. Further research is warranted to elucidate it.
| S-EPMC3977868 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo compare the performance of different anthropometric indices including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and a body shape index to predict high blood pressure (BP) in adolescents using the 90th and 95th percentiles as two different thresholds.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingProbability proportionate to size was used to randomly select two schools in Selangor state, Malaysia.ParticipantsA total of 513 adolescents (58.9% women and 41.1% men) aged 12-16 years were recruited.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWeight, height, WC and BP of the adolescents were measured. The predictive power of anthropometric indices was analysed by sex using the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsBMI and WHtR were the indices with higher areas under the curve (AUCs), yet the optimal cut-offs to predict high BP using the 95th percentile were higher than the threshold for overweight/obesity. Most indices showed poor sensitivity under the suggested cut-offs. In contrast, the optimal BMI and WHtR cut-offs to predict high BP using the 90th percentile were lower (men: BMI-for-age=0.79, WHtR=0.46; women: BMI-for-age=0.92, WHtR=0.45). BMI showed the highest AUC in both sexes but had poor sensitivity among women. WHtR presented good sensitivity and specificity in both sexes.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that WHtR might be a useful indicator for screening high blood pressure risk in the routine primary-level health services for adolescents. Future studies are warranted to involve a larger sample size to confirm these findings.
| S-EPMC7044891 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo analyze the associations between height and BMI categories in a Portuguese representative sample.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 32,644 Portuguese adults (52.4% females). Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were obtained along with self-reported height and weight. We performed generalized linear models to assess the differences in attained height across BMI categories; analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education, family income per month, proxy reporting information, dietary patterns, and smoking.ResultsBMI categories included underweight and normal weight (46.4%), overweight (37.6%), obese class I and II (15.2%), and obese class III (0.8%). Adults with normal weight had a significantly higher height (females +7 cm and males +5 cm) when compared to obese class III. As BMI categories increased, height decreased. In females and males, after adjusting for confounders, estimates of attained height decreased when compared to the unadjusted model (? = -0.049, 95% CI = -0.050; -0.049 and ? = -0.030, 95% CI = -0.031; -0.029, respectively), although they remained still significant.ConclusionOur results suggest a significant difference in attained height between BMI categories. Future intervention programs aiming at preventing overweight and obesity should monitor sociodemographic, health and environmental conditions that affect attained height potential.
| S-EPMC6189534 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction. To date, growth centiles of children and adolescents have not been created in Ukraine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to construct reference growth charts for height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of Ukrainian school-aged children and to compare them with World Health Organization references from 2007 for children's BMI. Material and Methods. Among the representative sample of 13,712 students (aged 7 to 18 years) who were included in this study, 6,582 (48%) were boys and 7,130 (52%) were girls. Assessments of height, body mass, and BMI of participants were performed. Reference charts were developed using LMS models within the ChartMaker lms program. Results. We present first growth references for height, weight, and body mass index for Ukrainian children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years. The younger Ukrainian pediatric population (7-13 years) was heavier than population reported in the multiethnic WHO references, while the older (13-18 years) had lower body weight comparing to the same references from WHO. Conclusions. The constructed reference growth charts are a benchmark for following secular trends in Ukraine and are also an optimal clinical tool for health care. We recommend national implementation of the Ukrainian reference growth charts for anthropometric measurements.
| S-EPMC6252215 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundChronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can induce reduced muscle mass (myopenia) and ectopic fat deposition probably showing normal body mass index (BMI). We aimed to investigate their body composition (BC) characteristics and clinical significance.MethodsBMI and BC were collected in consecutive RA patients and control subjects. Myopenia was defined by appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) ⩽7.0 kg/m2 in men and ⩽5.7 kg/m2 in women. Overfat was defined by body fat percentage (BF%) as ⩾25% for men and ⩾35% for women.ResultsThere were 620 RA patients (57.6% with normal BMI) and 2537 control subjects (62.5% with normal BMI) recruited. After 1:1 age and sex matching with control subjects, RA patients with normal BMI (n = 240) showed significantly higher prevalence of myopenia (43.3% versus 22.1%) and overfat (19.2% versus 7.1%) as well as myopenia overlapping overfat (17.1% versus 3.3%). In all RA patients with normal BMI (n = 357), there were 18.2% patients with myopenia overlapping overfat who had the worst radiographic scores and highest rates of previous glucocorticoid treatment and hypertension. Compared with those without, normal BMI RA patients with previous glucocorticoid treatment (24.4% versus 10.3%) or hypertension (27.8% versus 13.6%) had a higher rate of myopenia overlapping overfat. Previous glucocorticoid treatment [odds ratio (OR) = 2.844, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.441-5.614] and hypertension (OR = 2.452, 95% CI 1.283-4.685) were potential associated factors of myopenia overlapping overfat in RA patients with normal BMI.ConclusionMyopenia overlapping overfat is an important extra-articular manifestation which should not be ignored in RA patients with normal BMI, especially with glucocorticoid treatment and hypertension.
| S-EPMC7705189 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The safety and effectiveness of facial cosmetic surgery procedures are dependent on detailed 3D understanding of the complex surgical anatomy of the face. Traditional, small sample size anatomical dissection studies have limitations in providing definitive clarification of the fascial layers of the face, and especially in their relationship with the facial nerve, and their reaction to surgical manipulation. The objective study of large tissue areas is required to effectively demonstrate the broader architecture. Conventional histology techniques were modified to handle extraordinarily large tissue samples to fulfill this requirement. Full-thickness soft tissue samples (skin to bone) of maximum length 18 cm, width 4 cm, and tissue thickness 1 cm, were harvested from 20 hemifaces of 15 fresh human cadavers (mean age at death = 81 years). After fixation, the samples were processed with an automated processor using paraffin wax for 156 h, sectioned at 30 μm, collected on gelatin-chromium-coated glass slides, stained with a Masson's Trichrome technique and photographed. Using this technique, excellent visualization was obtained of the fascial connective tissue and its relationship with the facial mimetic muscles, muscles of mastication and salivary glands in 73 large histological slides. The resulting slides improved the study of the platysma and superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS), the spaces and ligaments, the malar fat pad, and the facial nerve in relations to the deep fascia. Additionally, surgically induced changes in the soft-tissue organization were successfully visualized. This technique enables improved insight into the broad structural architecture and histomorphology of large-scale facial tissues.
| S-EPMC10086818 | biostudies-literature