Dataset Information

Intimate partner violence against married women of reproductive age in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern in Nepal and its prevalence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of IPV among married women of reproductive age in Nepal during the pandemic.

Methods

A web-based survey was conducted with 420 participants using a validated questionnaire adopted from the World Health Organization. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed.

Results

Our study found that 52.62% of participants experienced IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic with economic violence being the most prevalent type (38.81%) and followed by behavioral control (37.14%), emotional violence (26.20%), physical violence (21.43%), and sexual violence (14.05%). Despite the high level of IPV, only 14% of participants sought help and only 6% reported the violence to the police. Univariate analyses showed that factors such as the husband's level of education and occupation, number of children, property ownership, husband's alcohol use, relationship and quarrels with the husband, fear of the husband, and participation in decision-making were associated with an increased risk of IPV. Multivariate analysis revealed that women involved in decision-making faced a 2.52 times higher risk of violence, that women who reported daily quarrels had a risk 5.47 times that of women who did not endorse fights, and that women who were afraid of their husbands had a risk 16 times that of women who did not report fear.

Conclusion

This study reveals a concerning prevalence of IPV among married women in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings emphasize the low reporting rates and help-seeking behavior among IPV victims. They also highlight the significant influence of factors such as participation in decision-making, frequent quarrels, and fear. These findings underscore the urgent need to establish support systems for IPV victims and develop targeted interventions tailored to the local context. Furthermore, conducting comprehensive research and understanding the interplay of contributing factors can guide the formulation of effective strategies to combat this pervasive societal problem.

SUBMITTER: Bhatt B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10559861 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Intimate partner violence against married women of reproductive age in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bhatt Bandana B Bhatt Navin N Karki Ashmita A Giri Govind G Baaniya Bibisha B Neupane Bandana B Bogati Sunil S Mahaju Satyam S Poudel Anubhav A Pokharel Sandip S Kafle Naresh N Nepal Shristi S Sapkota Ranjit R Shrestha Sangita S Tuitui Roshani Laxmi RL Sagtani Reshu Agrawal RA

Heliyon 20230917 9

<h4>Introduction</h4>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern in Nepal and its prevalence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of IPV among married women of reproductive age in Nepal during the pandemic.<h4>Methods</h4>A web-based survey was conducted with 420 participants using a validated questionnaire adopted from the World Health Organization. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed.<h4>Res ...[more]

PMID: 37809852

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Project description:BACKGROUND:World health organization (WHO) defines intimate partner violence (IPV) is physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by an intimate partner or ex-partner or spouse to a woman. From all forms of violence, ~ 1.3 million people worldwide die each year, accounting for 2.5% of global mortality. During the COVID-19 crisis, control and prevention measures have brought women and potential perpetrators together which increase the risk of IPV. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of IPV against women during COVID-19 in Ethiopia. METHODS:Community based cross-section study was employed among 462 reproductive-age women to assess IPV and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic. To select study participants one-stage cluster sampling technique was used. The data were entered into Epi data version 4.2 and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to check the association of dependent and independent variables and statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. RESULT:A total of 448 study subjects were responded making a response rate of 96.97%. Two- third (67.6%) of the respondent's age range was between 20 and 29 years. All of the participants heard about the pandemic of COVID-19 at the time of onset. The lifetime and the last twelve months prevalence of women with IPV was 42.19% and 24.11%, respectively. About 58 (12.9%) had experienced all three types of violence. Participants age ≥ 35 (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.99-4.29), rural residence (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI: 2.59-6.25), husband's educational status of diploma and above (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14-0.83), COVID-19 pandemic (AOR = 4.79; 95% CI: 1.13-6.86), and low social support (AOR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.99-6.23) were independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS:In this study two in five women undergo one type of violence in their lifetime. The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic has its impact on violence. Age ≥ 35, rural residence, husband's educational status of diploma and above, history of child death, COVID-19 pandemic, and low social support were independent predictors of violence. This implies insight to concerned bodies like policymakers and stakeholders to design appropriate policies to avert this magnitude and making zero tolerance for violence in society.

Project description:BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern that affects more than one-third of all women globally. Assessing the prevalence of intimate partner violence and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in various localities is crucial for intervention actions. So far, a few studies have been done in Ethiopia during the current COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence in women of reproductive age and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia, 2021.MethodologyA community-based cross-sectional study was done. A total of 809 ever-partnered women of reproductive age were selected randomly via a multistage sampling method. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with the resulting 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to verify the strength of associations. Significant associations were declared at p-values <0.05.ResultAmong the 796 women who successfully participated in the study, 337 (42.3%) experienced at least one type of intimate partner violence. Prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence was 35.3% (281), 15.3% (122), and 15.2% (121), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that women with no formal education [AOR (95% CI): 3.66 (1.91-6.98)], having no own income [AOR (95% CI): 1.78 (1.24-2.56)], and attitude of IPV were acceptable [AOR (95% CI): 4.02 (1.33-12.14)]; a male partner with no formal education [AOR (95% CI): 3.06 (1.53-6.14)], with "level of religious beliefs" [weak-AOR (95% CI): 4.17 (1.45-12.03); and medium-AOR (95% CI): 1.64 (1.13-2.39)], who is alcoholic [AOR (95% CI): 5.91 (4.03-8.67)], and with smoking habits [AOR (95% CI): 2.04 (1.10-3.77)] and >5 [AOR (95% CI): 1.83 (1.01-3.39)] was significantly associated with the presence of intimate partner violence.Conclusion and recommendationThis study revealed a high prevalence of IPV in the study participants. The high intimate partner violence prevalence was due to multiple factors, thus demanding empowering women and tailored health education for male partners.

Project description:ObjectivesIntimate partner violence (IPV) is the violence committed by both current and former spouses and partners, and the rate of this violence is known to increase during different pandemics. The pooled prevalence of IPV among pregnant women before the COVID-19 pandemic was 37%, however, the pooled prevalence of IPV among women during COVID-19 is not yet known. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of IPV and its determinants among women of reproductive age during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe review was done as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline using different search databases such as: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library Regional Portal, HINARI (research4life), and Google Scholar.Eligibility criteriaThose quantitative studies conducted in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic, that reported the prevalence of IPV among women of reproductive age, and were published in English from 13 March 2020 to 15 October 2025, were included for this study.Data extraction and synthesisAll authors independently extracted data using the Joanna Briggs Institute manual for evidence synthesis. Any incongruity of the result in the data extraction process was resolved through discussions and consensus (ie, a Delphi process). The data were analysed using Stata Corp V.11 software. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 test statistics and the random-effects meta-analysis was done using the restricted maximum likelihood method. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, and Egger's and Begg's tests.ResultIn this study, a total of 802 articles were identified using different electronic databases. Finally, 12 studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 7397 study participants were sampled from April 2020 to August 2021. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of IPV was 33.5% (95% CI 22.9% to 44.1%) and the prevalence of physical, psychological and sexual violence was 16.4%, 28.2% and 17.4%, respectively. Different factors such as: age of the young women (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.24; 95% CI 0.6, 5.8, p=0.015), lack of formal education (AOR=2.63; 95% CI 1.7, 3.6, p=0.000), partner's substance use (AOR=2.07; 95% CI 1.5, 2.7, p=0.000), partner not attending formal education (AOR=3.38; 95% CI 2.2, 4.6, p=0.000) and partner's alcohol use (AOR=2.82; 95% CI 1.1, 4.6, p=0.000) were found to be significantly associated with IPV among women during the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionsIn this study, a third of women of reproductive age experienced IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women whose partners used alcohol and other substances were found to be vulnerable to IPV. Therefore, this finding gives an insight for policymakers to focus on empowering women and their partner's economic and educational status, promoting health education for partners towards the negative impact of bad behaviours like alcohol and other substance utilisation on their health, and the physical, mental and social wellbeing of women. Moreover, the burden of IPV is increased not only during such a pandemic but also during different internal displacements, conflicts and unrest. Therefore, we recommend policymakers to frequently assess IPV-related burdens during such events and act accordingly.

Project description:IntroductionIntimate partner violence against women is one of the most common forms of violence. Different research fields are trying to understand the cycle of violence, such as the psychological field, to understand how these women's relational patterns and intrapsychic conflict function in the cycle of violence.ObjectiveTo investigate the operationalized psychodynamic diagnosis of women victims of domestic violence, exploring the severity and experience of violence, structural functions, dysfunctional interpersonal patterns, and intrapsychic conflicts.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional quantitative study using the OPD-2 Clinical Interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. The sample was composed by 56 women victims of domestic violence, mean age 30.07 (SD = ±9.65). Reliability was satisfactory for judges interviews(k>0,6).ResultsAccording to the OPD-2 evaluation, we found that the severity of the violence was associated with the intensity of women's subjective suffering. In the relational pattern, they stay in the relationship, leaving themselves vulnerable; perceive the partner as controlling, aggressive, offensive, and fear abandonment. As a defensive mechanism to relational discomfort and suffering victims anticipate the aggressor's desire, resulting in submissive behavior. The main psychic conflict was the "need for care versus self-sufficiency" (78.6%). And medium was the predominant structure level, in which they presented insecure internal objects, presenting difficulties in emotional regulation and perceiving reality in a distorted way. Hence, they do not recognize their limitations and needs. We found that 78.6% of the cases had some psychiatric disorder: MDD, PTSD.ConclusionThis study provides empirical evidence on clinical observations on the psychological functioning of this population and the issues that make up the maintenance of domestic violence against women. The understanding of internalized patterns, structural functions, and motivational tensions are fundamental for the prevention of re-victimization and improving coping mechanisms, as well as promoting greater adherence to treatment.

Project description:PurposeViolence against women during pregnancy is a serious public health concern due to its significant adverse health consequences for both the mother and the baby. This study aims to systematically identify common health problems and synergistic health correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) that specifically affect pregnant women.MethodsWe mine large-scale electronic health record (EHR) data from the IBM Explorys database to identify health problems that are prevalent in both IPV and pregnancy populations, as well those that are synergistically associated with the presence of IPV during pregnancy. For this purpose, we develop methods that enhance the statistical reliability of identified patterns by constructing confidence intervals that take into account systematic bias and measurement errors in addition to the variance in estimation.ResultsWe identify with high confidence 668 and 2750 terms that are respectively prevalent in respectively IPV and pregnancy populations. Of these terms, 279 are common. We also identify 16 synergistic health correlates with high confidence. Our results suggest that mental health, substance abuse, and genitourinary complications are prevalent among pregnant women exposed to IPV. The synergistic terms we identify reveal potential conditions that can be direct consequences of trauma (e.g., tibial fracture), long-term health consequences (e.g., chronic rhinitis), markers associated with the demograhics of affected populations (e.g., acne), and risk factors that potentially increase vulnerability during pregnancy (e.g., disorders of attention and motor control).ConclusionsOur results indicate that IPV significantly affects the well-being of pregnant women in multiple ways. The findings of this study can be useful for screening of IPV in pregnant women. Finally, the methodology presented here can also be useful for investigating the synergy between other medical conditions using EHR databases with privacy constraints.

Dataset Information

Intimate partner violence against married women of reproductive age in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Intimate partner violence against married women of reproductive age in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Similar Datasets

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