BCG revaccination in adults enhances pro-inflammatory markers of trained immunity along with anti-inflammatory pathways.

ABSTRACT: This study characterized mechanisms of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) revaccination-induced trained immunity (TI) in India. Adults, BCG vaccinated at birth, were sampled longitudinally before and after a second BCG dose. BCG revaccination significantly elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in HLA-DR⁺CD16^-CD14^hi monocytes, demonstrating induction of TI. Mycobacteria-specific CD4⁺ T cell interferon (IFN) γ, IL-2, and TNF-α were significantly higher in re-vaccinees and correlated positively with HLA-DR⁺CD16^-CD14^hi TI responses. This, however, did not translate into increased mycobacterial growth control, measured by mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA). Post revaccination,

SUBMITTER: Ahmed A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10561055 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature