Recent advances and current limitations of available technology to optically manipulate and observe cardiac electrophysiology.

ABSTRACT: Optogenetics, utilising light-reactive proteins to manipulate tissue activity, are a relatively novel approach in the field of cardiac electrophysiology. We here provide an overview of light-activated transmembrane channels (optogenetic actuators) currently applied in strategies to modulate cardiac activity, as well as newly developed variants yet to be implemented in the heart. In addition, we touch upon genetically encoded indicators (optogenetic sensors) and fluorescent dyes to monitor tissue activity, including cardiac transmembrane potential and ion homeostasis. The combination of the two allows for all-optical approaches to monitor and manipulate the heart without any physical contact. However, spectral congestion poses a major obstacle, arising due to the overlap of excitation/activ

SUBMITTER: Marchal GA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10567935 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature