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Revealing the Multifaceted Impacts of Electrode Modifications for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Electrodes.

ABSTRACT: Carbon electrodes are one of the key components of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), and their wetting behavior, electrochemical performance, and tendency to side reactions are crucial for cell efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate three different types of electrode modifications: poly(o-toluidine) (POT), Vulcan XC 72R, and an iron-doped carbon-nitrogen base material (Fe-N-C + carbon nanotube (CNT)). By combining synchrotron X-ray imaging with traditional characterization approaches, we give thorough insights into changes caused by each modification in terms of the electrochemical performance in both half-cell reactions, wettability and permeability, and tendency toward the hydrogen evolution side reaction. The limiting performance of POT and Vulcan XC 72R could mainly be ascribed to hindered electrolyte transport through the electrode. Fe-N-C + CNT displayed promising potential in the positive half-cell with improved electrochemical performance and wetting behavior but catalyzed the hydrogen evolution side reaction in the negative half-cell.

SUBMITTER: Koble K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10571042 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Revealing the Multifaceted Impacts of Electrode Modifications for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Electrodes.

Köble Kerstin K Schilling Monja M Eifert László L Bevilacqua Nico N Fahy Kieran F KF Atanassov Plamen P Bazylak Aimy A Zeis Roswitha R

ACS applied materials & interfaces 20230928 40

Carbon electrodes are one of the key components of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), and their wetting behavior, electrochemical performance, and tendency to side reactions are crucial for cell efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate three different types of electrode modifications: poly(<i>o</i>-toluidine) (POT), Vulcan XC 72R, and an iron-doped carbon-nitrogen base material (Fe-N-C + carbon nanotube (CNT)). By combining synchrotron X-ray imaging with traditional characterization approaches, we ...[more]

PMID: 37768857

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Project description:The surface properties of porous carbonaceous electrodes govern the performance, durability, and ultimately the cost of redox flow batteries (RFBs). State-of-the-art carbon fiber-based electrode interfaces suffer from limited kinetic activity and incomplete wettability, fundamentally limiting the performance. Surface treatments for electrodes such as thermal and acid activation are a common practice to make them more suitable for aqueous RFBs; however, these treatments offer limited control over the desired functional properties. Here, we propose, for the first time, electrografting as a facile, rapid, and versatile technique to enable task-specific functionalization of porous carbonaceous electrodes for use in RFBs. Electrografting allows covalent attachment of organic molecules on conductive substrates upon application of an electrochemical driving force, and the vast library of available organic molecules can unlock a broad range of desired functional properties. To showcase the potential of electrografting for RFBs, we elect to investigate taurine, an amine with a highly hydrophilic sulfonic acid tail. Oxidative electrografting with cyclic voltammetry allows covalent attachment of taurine through the amine group to the fiber surface, resulting in taurine-functionalized carbon cloth electrodes. In situ polarization and impedance spectroscopy in single-electrolyte flow cells reveal that taurine-treated cloth electrodes result in 40% lower charge transfer and 25% lower mass transfer resistances than off-the-shelf cloth electrodes. We find that taurine-treated electrode interfaces promote faster Fe3+ reduction reaction kinetics as the electrochemical surface area normalized current densities are 2-fold and 4-fold higher than oxidized and untreated glassy carbon surfaces, respectively. Improved mass transfer of taurine-treated electrodes is attributed to their superior wettability, as revealed by operando neutron radiography within a flow cell setup. Through demonstrating promising results for aqueous systems with the model molecule taurine, this work aims to bring forth electrografting as a facile technique to tailor electrode surfaces for other RFB chemistries and electrochemical technologies.

Dataset Information

Revealing the Multifaceted Impacts of Electrode Modifications for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Electrodes.

Publications

Revealing the Multifaceted Impacts of Electrode Modifications for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Electrodes.

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