Dataset Information

Dark Chocolate Intake Positively Modulates Gut Permeability in Elite Football Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Study.

ABSTRACT: Gut barrier disruption can lead to enhanced intestinal permeability, which allows endotoxins, pathogens, and other proinflammatory substances to move through the intestinal barrier into circulation. Intense exercise over a prolonged period increases intestinal permeability, which can be further worsened by the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of intestinal permeability in elite football players and to exploit the effect of cocoa polyphenols on intestinal permeability induced by intensive physical exercise. Biomarkers of intestinal permeability, such as circulating levels of zonulin, a modulator of tight junctions, occludin, a tight junction protein, and LPS translocation, were evaluated in 24 elite football players and 23 amateur athletes. Moreover, 24 elite football players were randomly assigned to either a dark chocolate (>85% cocoa) intake (n = 12) or a control group (n = 12) for 30 days in a randomized controlled trial. Biochemical analyses were performed at baseline and after 30 days of chocolate intake. Compared to amateur athletes, elite football players showed increased intestinal permeability as indicated by higher levels of zonulin, occludin, and LPS. After 30 days of dark chocolate intake, decreased intestinal permeability was found in elite athletes consuming dark chocolate. In the control group, no changes were observed. In vitro, polyphenol extracts significantly improved intestinal damage in the human intestinal mucosa cell line Caco-2. These results indicate that chronic supplementation with dark chocolate as a rich source of polyphenols positively modulates exercise-induced intestinal damage in elite football athletes.

SUBMITTER: Nocella C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10574486 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dark Chocolate Intake Positively Modulates Gut Permeability in Elite Football Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Nocella Cristina C Cavarretta Elena E Fossati Chiara C Pigozzi Fabio F Quaranta Federico F Peruzzi Mariangela M De Grandis Fabrizio F Costa Vincenzo V Sharp Carwyn C Manara Massimo M Nigro Antonia A Cammisotto Vittoria V Castellani Valentina V Picchio Vittorio V Sciarretta Sebastiano S Frati Giacomo G Bartimoccia Simona S D'Amico Alessandra A Carnevale Roberto R

Nutrients 20230928 19

Gut barrier disruption can lead to enhanced intestinal permeability, which allows endotoxins, pathogens, and other proinflammatory substances to move through the intestinal barrier into circulation. Intense exercise over a prolonged period increases intestinal permeability, which can be further worsened by the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of intestinal permeability in elite football players an ...[more]

PMID: 37836487

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Project description:ObjectivesTo investigate possible persistent performance deficits after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in elite athletes.MethodsA prospective cohort study in three Belgian professional male football teams was performed during the 2020 - 2021 season. Participants were submitted to strength, jump, and sprint tests and an aerobic performance test (the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test (YYIR)). These tests were repeated at fixed time intervals throughout the season. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test before each official game.ResultsOf the 84 included participants, 22 were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during follow-up. At the first testing after infection (52.0 ± 11.2 days after positive PCR testing) significantly higher percentages of maximal heart rate (%HRmax) were seen - within the isolated group of infected players- during (p = .006) and after the YYIR (2 min after, p = .013), compared to pre-infection data. This increase in %HRmax was resolved at the second YYIR testing after infection (127.6 ± 33.1 days after positive PCR testing). Additionally, when comparing the first test after infection in formerly infected to non-infected athletes, significantly higher %HRmax were found during (p < .001) and after the YYIR test (p < .001),No significant deficits were found for the jump, muscular strength or sprint tests.Aerobic performance seems compromised even weeks after infection. Simultaneously, anaerobic performance seemed to be spared. Because of the potential detrimental effects on the immune system, caution might be advised with high-intensity exposure until aerobic performance is restored.KEY MESSAGESElite football players' aerobic performance seems to be affected for weeks after they return to sports after a SARS-CoV-2 infection.Similarly, anaerobic performance tests showed no discernible changes between both before and after SARS-CoV-2 infections.Regular YYIR testing is recommended to monitor aerobic performance after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Project description:BackgroundPrevious studies reported that variations in dietary intake patterns substantially impact human health, specifically tumorigenesis. However, confounding factors in previous cohort studies have obscured the relationship between dietary differences and the risk of oral cancer (OC).Materials and methodsWe developed an outcome dataset from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data on three OCs within the GAME-ON project, using GWAS-META merging. We extracted 21 dietary exposures, including 10 dietary patterns, 6 vitamins, and 5 micronutrients, from the UK Biobank database, using the inverse variance weighting method as the primary statistical method. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Serum metabolite concentrations were adjusted using multivariate Mendelian randomization.ResultsOf the 10 analyzed dietary patterns, 8 showed no significant association with the risk of developing OC. Consumption of dark chocolate (inverse variance weighted [IVW]: Odds ratio (OR) = 0.786, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.622-0.993, p = 0.044) and sweet pepper exhibited an inverse relationship with OC risk (IVW: OR = 0.757, 95% CI: 0.574-0.997, p = 0.048). Reverse MR analysis revealed no reverse causality. Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between the intake of 6 vitamins and 5 micronutrients and the risk of developing OC. After using multivariable MR to adjust for serum caffeine, linoleate, theophylline, and theobromine metabolism levels, consuming dark chocolate was unrelated to a decreased risk of OC. After adjusting each serum metabolite individually, the observed p-values deviated from the original values to varying degrees, indicating that the components of dark chocolate could have different effects. Among these components, theophylline demonstrated the most significant inhibitory effect.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a causal relationship between the intake of dark chocolate and sweet peppers and a lower risk of OC. The components of dark chocolate could have different effects.

Dataset Information

Dark Chocolate Intake Positively Modulates Gut Permeability in Elite Football Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Publications

Dark Chocolate Intake Positively Modulates Gut Permeability in Elite Football Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Study.

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