Spatial effects of trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and natural resource rents on carbon productivity in the GCC region.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Natural resource rents (NRRs) may determine the environment and economic growth of the GCC countries due to their over-reliance on the natural resource sector. NRRs are the source of income in resource-abundant GCC countries. So, increasing income of these countries could pollute the environment by increasing overall economic activities. Consequently, NRRs could determine carbon productivity in the GCC region through increasing income and carbon emissions.

Methods

The effects of trade openness (TO), foreign direct investment (FDI), urbanization, and oil and natural gas rents on carbon productivity (CP) are examined in the GCC region from 1980-2021 using the spatial Durbin model.

Results

The CP of the GCC countries has spillovers in their neighboring countri

SUBMITTER: Mahmood H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10576965 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature