Dataset Information

Exploring the relationship between anellovirus load and clinical variables in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Implications for immune activation and inflammation.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Anelloviruses have been linked with host-immunocompetence and inflammation. Here, we studied the anellovirus load in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods

We collected samples of patients recruited in the DAWN-Plasma trial that received convalescent plasma (CP) therapy (four plasma units) combined with standard of care (SOC) or SOC of alone. Plasma samples were collected on day 0 and 6 of hospitalization and we quantified anellovirus load. With multivariate models, clinical variables were associated with changes in anellovirus load.

Results

Samples were collected on day 0 and 6 of 150 patients (103 CP + SOC and 47 SOC). Anellovirus load was higher on day 0 compared to day 6 and we found a significant drop in SOC patients. Patients receiving immunosuppressive drug had a lower anellovirus load (coefficient: 1.021, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.270-1.772, P = 0.008), while patients admitted to the emergency room displayed a higher abundance on day 0 (1.308, 95% CI 0.443-2.173, P = 0.003). Unspecific markers of inflammation and organ damage, D-dimer (0.001, 95% CI <0.001-0.001, P = 0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (0.002, 95% CI 0.001-0.004, P = 0.044), were positively associated with anellovirus load. Finally, anellovirus load on day 0 (-39.9, 95% CI -75.72 to -4.27, P = 0.029) was negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody response on day.

Conclusion

The results showed associations between clinical variables and anellovirus load in COVID-19 patients. Many variables share properties related to host immunocompetence or inflammation. Therefore, we expect that anellovirus abundance displays the net state of immune activation.

SUBMITTER: Thijssen M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10587511 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Exploring the relationship between anellovirus load and clinical variables in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Implications for immune activation and inflammation.

Thijssen Marijn M Devos Timothy T Meyfroidt Geert G Van Ranst Marc M Pourkarim Mahmoud Reza MR

IJID regions 20230924

<h4>Objectives</h4>Anelloviruses have been linked with host-immunocompetence and inflammation. Here, we studied the anellovirus load in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.<h4>Methods</h4>We collected samples of patients recruited in the DAWN-Plasma trial that received convalescent plasma (CP) therapy (four plasma units) combined with standard of care (SOC) or SOC of alone. Plasma samples were collected on day 0 and 6 of hospitalization and we quantified anellovirus load. With multivariate models, cl ...[more]

PMID: 37868342

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Project description:BackgroundAge-associated impairments of immune response and inflammaging likely contribute to poor vaccine efficacy. An appropriate balance between activation of immune memory and inflammatory response may be more effective in vaccines for older adults; attempts to overcome reduced efficacy have included the addition of adjuvants or increased antigenic dose. Next generation vaccine formulations may also use biomaterials to both deliver and adjuvant vaccine antigens. In the context of aging, it is important to determine the degree to which new biomaterials may enhance antigen-presenting cell (APC) functions without inducing potent inflammatory responses of APCs or other immune cell types (e.g., T cells). However, the effect of newer biomaterials on these cell types from young and older adults remains unknown.ResultsIn this pilot study, cells from young and older adults were used to evaluate the effect of novel biomaterials such as polyanhydride nanoparticles (NP) and pentablock copolymer micelles (Mi) and cyclic dinucleotides (CDN; a STING agonist) on cytokine and chemokine secretion in comparison to standard immune activators such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and PMA/ionomycin. The NP treatment showed adjuvant-like activity with induction of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and select chemokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both young (n = 6) and older adults (n = 4), yet the degree of activation was generally less than LPS. Treatment with Mi or CDN resulted in minimal induction of cytokines and chemokine secretion with the exception of increased IFN-α and IL-12p70 by CDN. Age-related decreases were observed across multiple cytokines and chemokines, yet IFN-α, IL-12, and IL-7 production by NP or CDN stimulation was equal to or greater than in cells from younger adults. Consistent with these results in aged humans, a combination nanovaccine composed of NP, Mi, and CDN administered to aged mice resulted in a greater percentage of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and greater effector memory cells in draining lymph nodes compared to an imiquimod-adjuvanted vaccine.ConclusionsOverall, our novel biomaterials demonstrated a modest induction of cytokine secretion with a minimal inflammatory profile. These findings suggest a unique role for biomaterial nanoadjuvants in the development of next generation vaccines for older adults.

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Dataset Information

Exploring the relationship between anellovirus load and clinical variables in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Implications for immune activation and inflammation.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Exploring the relationship between anellovirus load and clinical variables in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Implications for immune activation and inflammation.

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