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Most common diagnoses and antibiotics used in South American Camelid patients at a university clinic in Austria.

ABSTRACT: Knowledge of common diseases and their treatment in minor species, such as llamas and alpacas, is growing, but frequently drugs are not licensed in these species. Our aim was to evaluate frequent diagnoses and commonly applied antibiotics in patients of a university clinic with a particular focus on EMA Category B antibiotics, which are critically important for human health. We retrospectively analyzed anonymized patient records between 2005 and 2019 regarding the causes for antibiotic treatment and choice of antibiotic substance. The most frequent indications for antibiotic treatment were diseases of the digestive tract and perioperative prophylaxis for castrations. The number of applications of EMA Category B antibiotics initially increased with the number of patients treated, then remained stable, while the use of Category D drugs increased over time. Most Category B antibiotics were used for diseases of crias and diseases of the digestive tract, primarily dental disease. The use of EMA Category B antibiotics cannot be completely avoided based on the types of cases treated. However, antibiotic stewardship guidelines should be followed wherever possible.

SUBMITTER: Hund A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10588649 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Most common diagnoses and antibiotics used in South American Camelid patients at a university clinic in Austria.

Hund Alexandra A Wittek Thomas T Selan Ursa U Käsbohrer Annemarie A Firth Clair L CL

Frontiers in veterinary science 20231006

Knowledge of common diseases and their treatment in minor species, such as llamas and alpacas, is growing, but frequently drugs are not licensed in these species. Our aim was to evaluate frequent diagnoses and commonly applied antibiotics in patients of a university clinic with a particular focus on EMA Category B antibiotics, which are critically important for human health. We retrospectively analyzed anonymized patient records between 2005 and 2019 regarding the causes for antibiotic treatment ...[more]

PMID: 37869490

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Project description:BackgroundThe increasing popularity of alpacas and llamas outside of South America is undeniable. The associated limited genetic diversity raises questions about health and other genetically determined traits like coat colour. Therefore, a survey studying the prevalence of congenital disorders and coat colours and patterns in South American camelids was performed in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Moreover, the motivation for keeping these animals, the herd size and breeds was assessed.ResultsA total of 146 questionnaires were returned corresponding to 16 farms from Austria, 69 farms from Germany, and 61 farms from Switzerland. In total, the returned surveys reported data on 2770 animals including ~ 85% alpacas and ~ 15% llamas. The most common alpaca breed was Huacaya (87.7%), the most common llama breed was Wooly (15.6%). Breeding (69.4%), wool production (63.3%) and keeping them as pets (53.7%) were the most common motivations to keep these animals, although this varied among countries. The three coat colour groups, solid white (24.8%), brown and black (64.8%) and grey (10.4%), occurred at different frequencies. About 7% of the South American camelids with solid white coat showed blue-pigmented eyes, corresponding to the known blue-eyed white phenotype, of which more than every second animal was apparently deaf. Uniform solid coloured animals occurred predominantly (81.4%), whereas pinto (8.8%), speckled (6.4%) and spotted (3.4%), also known as appaloosa, were comparably less prevalent. In total 161 observations of congenital disorders occurring during a 5-year-period were reported. The most prevalent disorders were in the group of musculoskeletal disorders such as spiral toe growth (16.4%), hyperextension of the fetlock joint (12.3%), angular limb deformities (11.0%) and axial rotation of the limbs (8.2%).ConclusionsThis survey revealed first insights into the occurrence of different traits and disorders in the current South American camelid population of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. The identification of the most common musculoskeletal disorders might encourage the breeders to eliminate affected animals from their breeding program to decrease the incidence although traits such as spiral toe growth might also represent phenocopies.

Project description:Background and aimTo successfully apply personalized cancer therapies, thorough understanding of the patient's tumor is needed. In-depth, comprehensive genomic profiling systems allow gathering this knowledge by testing hundreds of cancer-related genes. Several large institutions have established precision oncology programs in recent years with promising results for patients. However, especially middle-sized oncologic institutions face challenges to implement such programs. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the effects of comprehensive genomic tumor profiling with respect to feasibility and effectiveness in a middle-sized oncologic center in Austria.MethodsFrom May 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2019 patients at the University Clinic Krems, who suffered from CUP-syndromes plus patients, who were resistant to conventional therapy or have progressed after all available therapy lines, were offered to get their tumors analyzed by comprehensive genomic profiling in order to establish a customized therapy.ResultsOf 69 considered patients, 64 patients' samples could be profiled. The median number of detected alterations was 4 (minimum 0; maximum 23). Most frequent alterations were reported for TP53, KRAS and CDKN2A/B. In 13 patients (20% of 64 successful profiles), personalized therapies could be initiated. 22 patients were treated with another line of chemotherapy as no actionable alteration could be detected. Effectiveness, determined by a PFS of the newly initiated therapy longer than 130% of the last conventional therapy line, could be seen in 8 of 13 patients (61,5%) of the precision oncology cohort compared to only 3 of 22 patients (13,5%) in the chemotherapy group. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier curves of PFS demonstrate a significant benefit for personalized treated patients (p = 0,0165 with a median PFS of 151 days, compared to 83 days in the chemotherapy group).ConclusionIn summary, personalized cancer therapy based on comprehensive genomic profiling is effective and feasible also in the setting of a middle-sized oncologic center.

Dataset Information

Most common diagnoses and antibiotics used in South American Camelid patients at a university clinic in Austria.

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Most common diagnoses and antibiotics used in South American Camelid patients at a university clinic in Austria.

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