Dataset Information

Opioid, sedative, preadmission medication and iatrogenic withdrawal risk in UK adult critically ill patients: a point prevalence study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome, after exposure medication known to cause withdrawal is recognised, yet under described in adult intensive care.

Aim

To investigate, opioid, sedation, and preadmission medication practice in critically ill adults with focus on aspects associated with iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome.

Method

One-day point prevalence study in UK intensive care units (ICUs). We collected ICU admission medication and/or substances with withdrawal potential, sedation policy, opioid and sedative use, dose, and duration.

Results

Thirty-seven from 39 participating ICUs contributed data from 386 patients. The prevalence rate for parenteral opioid and sedative medication was 56.1% (212 patients). Twenty-three ICUs (59%) had no sedation/analgesia policy, and no ICUs screened for iatrogenic withdrawal. Patient admission medications with withdrawal-potential included antidepressants or antipsychotics (43, 20.3%) and nicotine (41, 19.3%). Of 212 patients, 202 (95.3%) received opioids, 163 (76.9%) sedatives and 153 (72.2%) both. Two hundred and two (95.3%) patients received opioids: 167 (82.7%) by continuous infusions and 90 (44.6%) patients for longer than 96-h. One hundred and sixty-three (76.9%) patients received sedatives: 157 (77.7%) by continuous infusions and 74 (45.4%) patients for longer than 96-h.

Conclusion

Opioid sedative and admission medication with iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome potential prevalence rates were high, and a high proportion of ICUs had no sedative/analgesic policies. Nearly half of patients received continuous opioids and sedatives for longer than 96-h placing them at high risk of iatrogenic withdrawal. No participating unit reported using a validated tool for iatrogenic withdrawal assessment.

SUBMITTER: Eadie R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10600273 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Opioid, sedative, preadmission medication and iatrogenic withdrawal risk in UK adult critically ill patients: a point prevalence study.

Eadie Rebekah R McKenzie Cathrine A CA Hadfield Daniel D Kalk Nicola J NJ Bolesta Scott S Dempster Martin M McAuley Daniel F DF Blackwood Bronagh B

International journal of clinical pharmacy 20230715 5

<h4>Background</h4>Iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome, after exposure medication known to cause withdrawal is recognised, yet under described in adult intensive care.<h4>Aim</h4>To investigate, opioid, sedation, and preadmission medication practice in critically ill adults with focus on aspects associated with iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome.<h4>Method</h4>One-day point prevalence study in UK intensive care units (ICUs). We collected ICU admission medication and/or substances with withdrawal potentia ...[more]

PMID: 37454025

Similar Datasets

Project description:ObjectivesAnalgesia and sedation are common therapies in pediatric critical care, and rapid titration of these medications is associated with iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome. We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify all common and salient risk factors associated with iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and build a conceptual model of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome risk in critically ill pediatric patients.Data sourcesMultiple databases, including PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials, were searched using relevant terms from January 1, 1980, to August 1, 2014.Study selectionArticles were included if they were published in English and discussed iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome following either opioid or benzodiazepine therapy in children in acute or intensive care settings. Articles were excluded if subjects were neonates born to opioid- or benzodiazepine-dependent mothers, children diagnosed as substance abusers, or subjects with cancer-related pain; if data about opioid or benzodiazepine treatment were not specified; or if primary data were not reported.Data extractionIn total, 1,395 articles were evaluated, 33 of which met the inclusion criteria. To facilitate analysis, all opioid and/or benzodiazepine doses were converted to morphine or midazolam equivalents, respectively. A table of evidence was developed for qualitative analysis of common themes, providing a framework for the construction of a conceptual model. The strongest risk factors associated with iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome include duration of therapy and cumulative dose. Additionally, evidence exists linking patient, process, and system factors in the development of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome.FindingsMost articles were prospective observational or interventional studies.ConclusionsGiven the state of existing evidence, well-designed prospective studies are required to better characterize iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in critically ill pediatric patients. This review provides data to support the construction of a conceptual model of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome risk that, if supported, could be useful in guiding future research.

Project description:ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on the use of analgesics and sedatives, rates of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS), and outcomes in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients. Additionally, it sought to assess whether a nurse-implemented sedation protocol would be equally effective for children with and without obesity.DesignSecondary analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure (RESTORE) pediatric multicenter clinical trial.SettingThirty-one U.S. PICUs.PatientsChildren 1-17 years old, categorized as with or without obesity according to World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsThe study assessed various factors including medication exposure, adequacy of pain and sedation management, IWS rates, and clinical outcomes. Obesity occurred in 22% of patients. Obesity did not influence choice of opiate, but it led to extended exposure to these medications. There were no differences in dosing per kilogram of admission weight, resulting in significantly higher daily and cumulative doses in those with obesity. In the protocolized sedation arm, patients with obesity received significantly higher median opiate doses compared with the nonobesity protocolized sedation group. IWS rates did not differ; however, protocolized sedation obesity patients experienced more instances of inadequate sedation, longer time to extubation readiness, longer duration of mechanical ventilation and PICU stay, and higher 28-day in-hospital mortality than the protocolized sedation nonobesity group. These weight-based differences were not noted in the usual care arm.ConclusionsThis study underscores the significance of accounting for body habitus when selecting and dosing opiates in children with acute respiratory failure. Obesity had substantial impact on medication exposure and clinical outcomes, particularly within a structured, protocolized sedation regimen. Further research is warranted to explore the intricate relationship between medication dosing and clinical outcomes in children with obesity.

Project description:IntroductionSmoking is highly addictive, and nicotine abstinence is associated with withdrawal syndrome in hospitalized patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of sudden nicotine abstinence on the development of agitation and delirium, and on morbidities and outcomes in critically ill patients who required respiratory support, either noninvasive ventilation or intubation, and mechanical ventilation.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational study in two intensive care units (ICUs). The 144 consecutive patients admitted to ICUs and requiring mechanical ventilation for >48 hours were included. Smoking status was assessed at ICU admission by using the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Agitation, with the Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS), and delirium, with the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC), were tested twice daily during the ICU stay. Agitation and delirium were defined by SAS >4 and ICDSC >4, respectively. Nosocomial complications and outcomes were evaluated.ResultsSmokers (n = 44) were younger and more frequently male and were more likely to have a history of alcoholism and to have septic shock as the reason for ICU admission than were nonsmokers. The incidence of agitation, but not delirium, increased significantly in the smoker group (64% versus 32%; P = 0.0005). Nicotine abstinence was associated with higher incidences of self-removal of tubes and catheters, and with more interventions, including the need for supplemental sedatives, analgesics, neuroleptics, and physical restraints. Sedation-free days, ventilator-free days, length of stay, and mortality in ICUs did not differ between groups. Multivariate analysis identified active smoking (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.45-6.74; P = 0.003) as an independent risk factor for agitation. Based on a subgroup of 56 patients, analysis of 28 pairs of patients (smokers and nonsmokers in a 1:1 ratio) matched for age, gender, and alcoholism status found similar results regarding the role of nicotine withdrawal in increasing the risk of agitation during an ICU stay.ConclusionsNicotine withdrawal was associated with agitation and higher morbidities in critically ill patients. These results suggest the need to look specifically at those patients with tobacco dependency by using the FTND in ICU settings. Identifying patients at risk of behavioral disorders may lead to earlier interventions in routine clinical practice.

Dataset Information

Opioid, sedative, preadmission medication and iatrogenic withdrawal risk in UK adult critically ill patients: a point prevalence study.

Background

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Opioid, sedative, preadmission medication and iatrogenic withdrawal risk in UK adult critically ill patients: a point prevalence study.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets