Dilemmas in the Management of an Infant with Neuroblastoma Metastasized to the Muscles.

ABSTRACT: The risk stratification of infants with metastatic neuroblastoma (NB) has evolved over time from stage 4/M or IVs/4S/MS/Ms according to various staging systems. Despite these developments for some genetic aberrations, the prognostic value and the impact of soft tissue metastases in infants are not fully understood, nor well described in the different classification systems, hampering the definitions to uniformly treat patients and predict prognosis. A literature review on staging of infants with M/MS disease was performed at the occasion of the diagnosis of NB in an 8-month-old boy who presented with atypical metastatic sites in soft tissue and an aberrant tumor biology. The definitions of stage 4/4S/4s/M/MS/Ms were evaluated and compared to enable tumor risk stratification and inform mana

SUBMITTER: van Heerden J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10601722 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature