Strategic implementation of transportation networks following the February 6th Kahramanmaras Earthquake: an observational analysis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yilmaz S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10619220 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Strategic implementation of transportation networks following the February 6th Kahramanmaraş Earthquake: an observational analysis.
Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine 20231031 1
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Project description:Interplay between seismic and aseismic slip could shed light on the frictional properties and seismic potential of faults. The well-recorded 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet provides an excellent opportunity to understand their partitioning on strike-slip faults. Here, we utilize InSAR and strong motion data to derive the coseismic rupture during the doublet, ~4-month postseismic afterslip, and slip distributions of two Mw>6.0 aftershocks. Our results show that afterslip appears to be complementary to coseismic slip and aftershocks, accounting for ~11.3% of the coseismic moment. Aftershocks mainly fall within the regions of positive Coulomb stresses caused by afterslip and follow a temporal decay similar to that of afterslip, indicating that aftershock production is the failure of small asperities loaded by the afterslip. The early postseismic afterslip is released ~93.7% aseismically and ~6.3% seismically by aftershocks. Our modeling results thus depict a complex fault system with highly variable slip patterns and stresses.
| S-EPMC11754843 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesDysnatremia is a critical electrolyte disturbance that can significantly impact the prognosis of trauma patients by influencing fluid balance, neurological function, and hemodynamics. Although sodium disorder is common in hospitalized patients, few studies have specifically examined the incidence of dysnatremia in patients presenting to the emergency department for post-earthquake trauma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of dysnatremia and the prognosis of patients with dysnatremia in trauma patients admitted to our center after the Kahramanmaraş earthquake.Materials and methodsBetween February 6th, 2023 and February 20th, 2023, a total of 422 patients with earthquake-related crush injuries after the Kahramanmaras earthquake were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: the survivor group and the exitus group. Then, patients with dysnatremia were evaluated. Age, gender, the city where patients came from, type of presentation, injured organ systems and extremities, laboratory findings, ward admission, intensive care admission, GCS, MESS, ISS, RTS, TRISS, and hemodialysis sessions were analyzed.ResultsA total of 422 earthquake victims with crush injuries were included in the study. Dysnatremia was present in 28% of the patients, and these patients had a longer hospital stay. GCS was lower, MESS and ISS values were higher, and survival rates according to TRISS were lower. Multiple extremity trauma, crush syndrome, and dialysis rates were more common in the dysnatremia group. Additionally, fasciotomy, amputation and mortality rates were higher in the dysnatremia group.ConclusionDysnatremia is a common finding in patients with crush injuries and is associated with more severe trauma and poorer clinical outcomes. This study highlights the need for close monitoring and management of sodium disturbances in trauma patients, not only in the context of earthquakes but across various disaster scenarios. Recognizing and addressing dysnatremia can contribute to improved patient outcomes in disaster and emergency settings.
| S-EPMC11755872 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Quantifying coseismic fault offsets for surface ruptures of major earthquakes is important for earthquake cycle and slip-rate studies, and thus for earthquake hazard assessments. However, measurements of such offsets generally underestimate fault slip due to inelastic deformation and secondary fault offsets, i.e., off-fault damage. Here, we use satellite synthetic aperture radar images to quantify off-fault damage in the two 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) magnitude 7.8 and 7.6 earthquakes. We first derive three-dimensional coseismic surface displacements and show that on average ~35% of the coseismic slip is accommodated by off-fault damage within 5-7 km of the coseismic surface ruptures. Fault sections exhibiting geometrical complexities (e.g., bends and step-overs) experienced a higher level of off-fault damage than simpler fault sections. Our results highlight the importance of extending off-fault damage assessments to several km away from fault ruptures and indicate that fault offset measurements may underestimate slip-rate estimations by as much as a third.
| S-EPMC11791046 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The 2023 M7.8 and M7.5 earthquake doublet near Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, provides insight regarding how large earthquakes rupture complex faults. Here we determine the faults geometry using surface ruptures and Synthetic Aperture Radar measurements, and the rupture kinematics from the joint inversion of high-rate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), strong-motion waveforms, and GNSS static displacement. The M7.8 event initiated on a splay fault and subsequently propagated along the main East Anatolian Fault with an average rupture velocity between 3.0 and 4.0 km/s. In contrast, the M7.5 event demonstrated a bilateral supershear rupture of about 5.0-6.0 km/s over an 80 km length. Despite varying strike and dip angles, the sub-faults involved in the mainshock are nearly optimally oriented relative to the local stress tensor. The second event ruptured a fault misaligned with respect to the regional stress, also hinting at the effect of local stress heterogeneity in addition to a possible free surface effect.
| S-EPMC11325041 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOn February 6, 2023 a devastating earthquake hit the south-eastern region of Türkiye and thousands of people were either injured or died. The aim was to determine the characteristics, treatment and clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with crush injuries in ICU.Subjects/methodsThis study was performed with a retrospective design in ICU. Patients were included as follows; effected 6 February earthquake, need ICU treatment and being crush syndrome.ResultsA total of 62 patients were included. The mean age was 41 ± 19 years and 47% were male. The median APACHE II score was 14. The most common ICU admission was multitrauma and crush injury. A total of %77 patients were needed surgical procedure (most of them extremities surgery (36%)and fasciotomy 36% due to compartment syndrome) and %24 patients had extremity amputation. AKI was developed in %65 of patients. A total of 26 (%40) patients were received RRT. The mNUTRIC score (p = 0.022), the BUN (p = 0.043) and the blood lactate level (p = 0.012) were identified as independent risk factors for 28-day mortality. An independent risk factor for limb amputation was identified in patients with high APACHE II and SOFA scores (p = 0.026, p = 0.034, respectively). The 28-day mortality was 13%.ConclusionsAs a result of the study, most of the patients need surgical operations and a quarter of patients required extremity amputation. AKI developed at a high rate and 40% of those patients needed RRT. The mNUTRIC score was found to be the most powerful predictor of mortality at 28 days.
| S-EPMC11845545 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Short term prediction of earthquake magnitude, time, and location is currently not possible. In some cases, however, documented observations have been retrospectively considered as precursory. Here we present seismicity transients starting approx. 8 months before the 2023 MW 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake on the East Anatolian Fault Zone. Seismicity is composed of isolated spatio-temporal clusters within 65 km of future epicentre, displaying non-Poissonian inter-event time statistics, magnitude correlations and low Gutenberg-Richter b-values. Local comparable seismic transients have not been observed, at least since 2014. Close to epicentre and during the weeks prior to its rupture, only scarce seismic activity was observed. The trends of seismic preparatory attributes for this earthquake follow those previously documented in both laboratory stick-slip tests and numerical models of heterogeneous earthquake rupture affecting multiple fault segments. More comprehensive earthquake monitoring together with long-term seismic records may facilitate recognizing earthquake preparation processes from other regional deformation transients.
| S-EPMC10684546 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This article presents a database with geographical and demographic information characterizing the impacts to road and maritime networks, and coastal communities, of a plausible magnitude M9.0 megathrust Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake scenario near Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. The database consists of a medium and a high impact case associated with the earthquake scenario. The data include the geographical location of communities, ports, and airports/helipads/heliports, the structure of the roads network and their expected damage levels, the resilience level and population size of the communities on Vancouver Island, and the trajectories, expected delays and capacities of ferries and barges. The data originates from government and carriers' open available reports and external datasets, and several impact models. The primary purpose of this database is to support disaster management researchers working to develop and test network models that focus on road repair and restoration, and on the multi-modal distribution of relief supplies to victims. In addition, the data can be used to test heuristic and metaheuristic approaches applied to network models in the context of natural disasters.
| S-EPMC9720521 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The 6th Annual conference of the Neuropathology Society of India, (NPSICON 2023) was held in a virtual mode, from 23rd to 25th February 2023, hosted by the Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College Vellore. Dr Geeta Chacko was the organizing Chairperson. The pre-conference workshop was on Fluorescence in situ hybridization with nearly 90 registrants. The workshop was conducted by NIMHANS Bangalore with Dr Shilpa Rao, Dr Vaishali Suri, Dr Vani Santosh and Dr Geeta Chacko as resource persons. There were 253 National registrants and 7 International registrations. The conference had participation from reputed national (34) and international (8) faculty and covered a wide range of topics in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic Neuropathology including sessions on perinatal pathology, epilepsy, neuromuscular pathology and several sessions in Neurooncology. There were five symposiums with several sessions of cases-based discussion. The first Prof Ashru K Banerjee oration was delivered by Dr Kenneth Aldape, from NIH Bethesda on: "Practical Aspects of Methylation-Based Diagnostics in Central Nervous System Tumors". The first Prof SK Shankar oration was delivered by Dr Avindra Nath, NIH Bethesda on "Neuropathology of two pandemics: AIDS and COVID". The Presidential oration was delivered by Dr Chitra Sarkar. The key note speakers included Dr Monika Hofer, Dr David Capper, Dr Takashi Komori and Dr Maysa Husseini. There were 28 papers for oral presentation and 38 posters. A highlight of the conference was a lively Quiz competition, which was held as the penultimate session. Despite being a virtual conference, there was active participation from all the delegates and the conference was very well received.
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Project description:We have investigated the possible cause-and-effect relationship due to stress transfer between two earthquakes that occurred near Christchurch, New Zealand, in September 2010 and in February 2011. The Mw 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) event took place along a previously unrecognized fault. The Mw 6.3 Christchurch earthquake, generated by a thrust fault, occurred approximately five months later, 6?km south-east of Christchurch's city center. We have first measured the surface displacement field to retrieve the geometries of the two seismic sources and the slip distribution. In order to assess whether the first earthquake increased the likelihood of occurrence of a second earthquake, we compute the Coulomb Failure Function (CFF). We find that the maximum CFF increase over the second fault plane is reached exactly around the hypocenter of the second earthquake. In this respect, we may conclude that the Darfield earthquake contributed to promote the rupture of the Christchurch fault.
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Project description:BackgroundEarthquakes are potentially traumatic natural disasters due to their destructive nature, and huge impacts, producing scenes of horror, undesirable and uncontrollable results. Children are affected mainly by earthquakes not only physically but also psychologically. We aimed to evaluate the rates of probable PTSD and related factors in children and adolescents after the February 6 Kahramanmaras earthquake.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 246 children and adolescents were included. The research was conducted in Hatay, one of the most affected provinces, between 06/07/2023-06/08/2023. Sociodemographic form, Children's Depression Inventory, Children's Posttraumatic Response Reaction Index, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, Child and Youth Resilience Measure and Social Support Appraisals Scale for Children were applied by face-to-face survey method.ResultsThe median age of the participants was 12 (8-18). 133 (54%) of the participants were girls. Probable depression rate was 98%, and probable anxiety disorder rate was 63%. Probable mild, moderate, severe and very severe PTSD rates were 18%, 29%, 43% and 8%, respectively. The probable severe PTSD rate was higher in children who were injured in the earthquake (p = 0.032), who received outpatient treatment (p = 0.016), and who saw people trapped under the collapse (p = 0.012). Also, the children whose sleep routines have changed post-earthquake were found to have more probable severe PTSD (p < 0.001). Access time to the potable water supply (p = 0.045), toilet facilities (p = 0.045), shelter facilities (p = 0.004), heating facilities (p = 0.001), clothing supply (p < 0.001) and healthcare services (p = 0.009) were found to be associated with probable severe PTSD right after the earthquake. In the fifth month of the earthquake, inadequate meeting of clothing needs (p = 0.018), educational services (p = 0.028) and social activity opportunities (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with probable severe PTSD. In the multivariate analysis, the risk of probable severe PTSD was increased 2.9 times in those with post-earthquake sleep changes (p = 0.001) and 11.1 times in those with probable anxiety disorders (p < 0.001). Also, it has been shown that each unit increase in the APP-family score reduces probable severe PTSD risk by 2% (p = 0.002).ConclusionIn the current study, the rates of probable PTSD, depression and anxiety disorders were considerably high. Probable anxiety disorder and sleep disturbance were significant predictors of probable severe PTSD. On the other hand, social support from family was found to be a significant protective factor for severe PTSD risk. We conclude that the lack of meeting needs that increase the risk of probable severe PTSD differs in the acute and subacute phases.
| S-EPMC11529272 | biostudies-literature