Path analysis model for preventing stunting in dryland area island East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
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SUBMITTER: Picauly I
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10621912 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:AimThis study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of Pasteurella multocida isolates originated from Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province.Materials and methodsThe isolates of P. multocida stored in frozen storage were cultured in blood agar as a selective medium and identified conventionally. Molecular tests were initiated by DNA isolation and then followed by polymerase chain reaction tests with specific primers for the determination of P. multocida serotype A or B. Positive strain of serotype B was then confirmed molecularly using 16S rRNA gene primer and followed by the sequencing of nucleotides.ResultsThe study showed that both P. multocida isolates from Sumba island, i.e. PM1 is isolated from East Sumba district, while PM2 isolated from West Sumba district have 99.6% homology. Both isolates also known have 99% similarities with P. multocida originated from India, Britain, and Japan, respectively. The isolates share the same clade in the phylogenetic tree.ConclusionThe 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a high similarity of P. multocida serotype B:2 isolated from Sumba island with the Indian isolates although the sample size is very small. Therefore, further molecular studies like multilocus sequence typing, VNTR need to be performed using a larger number of samples to establish the genetic relatedness observed in this study.
| S-EPMC7020134 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMalaria is a global pandemic that results in approximately 228 million cases globally; 3.5% of these cases are in Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) initiative, Indonesia is in the process of achieving malaria-free zone status by 2030. However, the eastern part of Indonesia, including the East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP), still has a disproportionately high rate of malaria.ObjectiveThe aims of this cross-sectional study are to determine the awareness and knowledge, attitude, and practice toward various aspects of malaria among rural adults and their associated factors, including sociodemographic factors and ethnicities; assess the gap between coverage of, access to, and use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) among the households; estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with malaria in rural adults; and develop a risk prediction model for malaria.MethodsA multistage cluster sampling procedure with a systematic random sampling procedure at cluster level 4 was applied to recruit 1503 adults aged 18 years or older from the ENTP. Each participant participated in a face-to-face interview to assess their awareness and knowledge, attitude, and practice toward aspects of malaria, practices of sleeping under LLINs, and history of malaria. Information on sociodemographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors was also documented. The proportion of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward aspects of malaria and their variations across different sociodemographic and ethnic groups will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Coverage and access to LLINs will be evaluated based on the WHO recommendations. Malaria risk factors will be analyzed using logistic regression. Multilevel logistic regression will be applied to estimate the risk score for malaria.ResultsOf the total participants, 99.46% (1495/1503) of rural adults from 49 villages in the ENTP participated in a face-to-face interview from October to December 2019. The study results are expected to be published in peer-reviewed journals.ConclusionsThe best malaria risk prediction model will be developed in this study. In this protocol, we developed a methodology to provide new evidence to guide health policy in supporting the ENTP government's expectation to achieve the malaria-free rating by 2030.International registered report identifier (irrid)DERR1-10.2196/23545.
| S-EPMC8075045 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe World Health Organization recommends seeking medical treatment within 24 hours after transmission of malaria to reduce the risk of severe complications and its onwards spread. However, in some parts of Indonesia, including East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP), this adherence is not achieved for a range of reasons including delays in visiting health centres. This study aims to determine factors related to the poor understanding of appropriate malaria treatment-seeking behaviour (AMTSB) of rural adults in ENTP. AMTSB was defined as seeking treatment at professional health facilities within 24 hours of the onset of malaria symptoms.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the East Sumba, Belu, and East Manggarai district of ENTP between October and December 2019. A multi-stage cluster sampling procedure was applied to enrol 1503 participants aged between 18 and 89 years of age. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess significant factors associated with the poor understanding of AMTSB.ResultsEighty-six percent of participants were found to be familiar with the term malaria. However, poor understanding level of AMTSB in rural adults of ENTP achieved 60.4% with a 95% confidence interval (CI): 56.9-63.8. Poor understanding of AMTSB was significantly higher for adults with no education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.42, 95% CI: 1.81, 6.48) compared to those with a diploma or above education level; having low SES (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.96) compared to those having high SES; residing at least three kilometres (km) away from the nearest health facilities (AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.5) compared to those living within one km from the nearest health service; and working as farmer (AOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.63) compared to those working at government or non-government sector. Whilst, other factors such as ethnicity and family size were not associated with the poor understanding of AMTSB.ConclusionThe proportion of rural adults having a poor understanding of AMTSB was high leading to ineffective implementation of artemisinin-based combination therapies as the method to treat malaria in ENTP. Improving awareness of AMTSB for rural adults having low level education, low SES, working as a farmer, and living at least three km from the nearest health facilities is critical to support the efficacy of malaria treatment in ENTP. This method will support the Indonesian government's objective to achieve malaria elimination by 2030.
| S-EPMC8815915 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe 2009 Indonesian roadmap to malaria elimination indicated that the nation had been progressing towards achieving malaria elimination by 2030. Currently, most of the districts in the western part of Indonesia have eliminated malaria; however, none of the districts in the East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP) have met these set targets. This study aimed to investigate the status of malaria awareness of rural adults in the ENTP.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2019 in high, moderate, and low malaria-endemic settings (MESs) in the ENTP. After obtaining informed consent, data were collected using an interviewer-administered structure questionnaire among 1503 participants recruited by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. A malaria awareness index was developed based on ten questions. A binary logistic regression method was applied to investigate the significance of any association between malaria awareness and the different MESs.ResultsThe participation rate of the study was 99.5%. Of this number, 51.4% were female and 45.5% had completed primary education. The malaria awareness index was significantly low (48.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.2-52.4). Malaria awareness of rural adults residing in low endemic settings was two times higher than for those living in high endemic settings (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.81-3.21) and the basic malaria knowledge of participants living in low malaria-endemic settings was almost four times higher than that in high endemic settings (AOR: 3.75, 95% CI: 2.75-5.11). Of the total participants, 81.3% (95% CI: 79.1-83.5) were aware that malaria could be prevented and 75.1% (95% CI: 72.6-77.6) knew at least one prevention measure. Overall, the awareness of fever as the main symptom of malaria, mosquito bites as the transmission mode of malaria, and seeking treatment within 24 hours of suffering from malaria was poor at 37.9% (95% CI: 33.9-41.9), 59.1% (95% CI: 55.9-62.3), and 46.0% (95% CI: 42.3-49.7), respectively. The poor level of awareness was significantly different amongst the three MESs, with the lowest levels of awareness in the high endemic setting.ConclusionMalaria awareness of rural adults needs to be improved to address Indonesia's national roadmap for malaria elimination. Results indicated that public health programs at a local government level should incorporate the malaria awareness index in their key strategic intervention to address malaria awareness.
| S-EPMC8592438 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A comprehensive and detailed description of household survey data that were collected in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia in 2018 is provided in this article. The survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire administered among 300 households in East Nusa Tenggara as one of the regions experiencing severe drought for more than a decade. The information about perceptions of drought and mitigation and adaptation strategies was collected from the head of household or household member. The survey comprises comprehensive information about household socio-demographic characteristics, household resources, agricultural activities, knowledge and perceptions of drought, experience with drought and adaptation strategy, mitigation of the impact of drought, future drought and the participation of women in decision making. The data are provided with this article.
| S-EPMC6502731 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDengue, an acute febrile disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) infection, is endemic to Indonesia. During early 2020, an outbreak of severe dengue occurred in Maumere, East Nusa Tenggara province, a region with low dengue endemicity with limited data on the characteristics of the circulating DENV. By 18 March 2020, 1396 cases were reported with 14 fatalities. Investigation was conducted to understand the cause and characteristics of the outbreak.MethodsSera were collected from 133 patients with dengue-like symptoms through random sampling at TC Hillers Hospital, Maumere during outbreak between February and June 2020. Dengue was confirmed using NS1 and/or RT-PCR detection. Serological status was determined using IgG/IgM ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). DENV serotyping and genome sequencing were performed to identify the DENV serotype and genotype.ResultsWe recruited suspected dengue patients attending the hospital during the outbreak. Dengue was confirmed in 72.2% (96/133), while 18.8% (25/133) were diagnosed as probable dengue. Children under 18 years old accounted for 85.1% (103/121) of dengue cases. Severe dengue accounted for 94.2% (81/86) of cases. Secondary infections made up 92.6% (112/121) of cases. Serotyping detected 87.3% (62/71) as DENV-3, 7.0% (5/71) as DENV-4, 2.8% (2/71) as DENV-1, and 2.8% (2/71) as DENV-2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close evolutionary relationship of Maumere DENV to viruses from other Indonesian regions, especially Bali and Kupang. PRNT on DENV-3 secondary infections patients detected the presence of DENV-2 and DENV-4 neutralizing antibodies.ConclusionThe severe dengue outbreak in Maumere is caused by DENV-3 introduced from nearby islands. The high proportion of secondary infections likely contributes to the severity of the disease. The high percentage of anti-dengue neutralizing antibodies for multiple serotypes and the high proportion of anti-dengue IgG in young children suggests a history of dengue transmission with a high infection rate in the area.
| S-EPMC11835340 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 to assess the perception of households on drought forecasts and its impact on crop and livestock losses. A total of 300 households from seven districts in East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia were considered. The study indicated that the majority of the households are poor families with low education background. They sold poultry for income generation during drought events. The survey revealed that only small percentage of the households usied forecast to support their livelihood management. The statistical test confirmed that the use of forecast did not necessarily impacted the crop loss. However, the crops were significantly affected by the response to drought forecast. Households that changed their agricultural practice experienced significantly different losses than households that did not do anything differently to their crops. The households argued that the accuracy of the forecasts issued by the government was very low. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers and government authorities provide more accurate forecasts and a better strategy to increase household awareness of using drought forecasts.
| S-EPMC6728534 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesContraceptive methods vary in effectiveness, actions required of users, and side effects. This article aims to analyze the perceptions about contraceptive methods among family planning clients of the East Java and West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) provinces in Indonesia.MethodsThe data were obtained from the operational research of the Improving Contraceptive Method Mix Project in Indonesia, conducted in 2015-2016 in six districts in East Java and West Nusa Tenggara. The total sample size was 12,190 women aged 15-49 years. The perceptual mapping method uses cross-sectional surveys that require the respondent to rate the level to which they associate specific elements with each other, based on similarities and differences of perceived association. The correlation matrices for six contraceptive methods and five attributes were subjected to a multidimensional scaling analysis.ResultsThe results showed injectable to be the most preferred method, which was positioned closest to the attributes 'easy to use' and 'easy to get', followed by pills. Implants ranked higher than other long-acting and permanent method.ConclusionInjectables and pills were the most preferred because people believe that they were 'easy to use' and 'easy to get'. The least preferred methods were tubectomy and vasectomy because the respondents thought those were not close to any attributes at all. To increase the demand for the long-acting and permanent method choice in the provinces of East Java and West Nusa Tenggara, the attributes 'easy to use' and 'easy to get' should be emphasized in the long-acting and permanent method Information Education and Communication messages.
| S-EPMC7934029 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection remains high in developing countries, especially because of geographic and socio-demographic factors. This study aimed to evaluate intestinal parasitic infection, as well as its risk factors, among children aged 36-45 months in a rural area (North Kodi) and an urban area (Kupang) of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Anthropometry, socio-demographic factors and personal hygiene practices were assessed. A total of 214 children participated in the study, and 200 stool samples were collected for intestinal parasite examination. Approximately 30.5% (61/200) of the children were infected with one or more intestinal parasites (67.2%; 41/61 being mono-parasitic infections and 32.8%; 20/61 being poly-parasitic infections). A total of 85 intestinal parasites were detected, consisting of 35.3% (30/85) protozoa and 64.7% (55/85) helminths. The predominant protozoa were Giardia lamblia (43%; 13/30) and Blastocystis spp. (33.3%; 10/30), whereas the predominant helminths were Trichuris trichiura (50.9%; 28/55) and Ascaris lumbricoides (43.6%; 24/55). Moreover, intestinal parasitic infection was associated with rural area (OR 4.5; 95%CI 2.3-8.6); the absence of treatment with deworming drugs (OR 2.56; 95%CI 1.3-5.0); sanitation facilities without a septic tank (OR 4.3; 95%CI 2.1-8.5); unclean water as a source of drinking water (OR 4.67; 95%CI 2.4-9.4); no handwashing practice after defecation (OR 3.2; 95%CI 1.4-7.3); and stunted children (OR 4.4; 95%CI 2.3-8.3). In conclusion, poly-parasitic infections were common in this study. Poor personal hygiene practice and sanitation factors contributed to the high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in 36-45-month-old children in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
| S-EPMC9866443 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The role of the gut microbiota in energy metabolism of the host has been established, both in overweight/obesity, as well as in undernutrition/stunting. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may predispose to stunting. The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota composition of stunted Indonesian children and non-stunted children between 36 and 45 months from two sites on the East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) islands. Fecal samples were collected from 100 stunted children and 100 non-stunted children in Kupang and North Kodi. The gut microbiota composition was determined by sequencing amplicons of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Moreover, fecal SCFA concentrations were analyzed. The microbiota composition was correlated to anthropometric parameters and fecal metabolites. The phyla Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidota; q = 0.014) and Cyanobacteria (q = 0.049) were significantly higher in stunted children. Three taxa at genus levels were consistently significantly higher in stunted children at both sampling sites, namely Lachnoclostridium, Faecalibacterium and Veillonella (q < 7 * 10-4). These and 9 other taxa positively correlated to the z-score length-for-age (zlen), while 11 taxa negatively correlated with zlen. Several taxa also correlated with sanitary parameters, some of which were also significantly different between the two groups. All three fecal SCFA concentrations (acetate, propionate and butyrate) and their total were lower in stunted children compared to non-stunted children, although not significant for butyrate, indicating lower energy-extraction by the gut microbiota. Also, since SCFA have been shown to be involved in gut barrier function, barrier integrity may be affected in the stunted children. It remains to be seen if the three taxa are involved in stunting, or are changed due to e.g. differences in diet, hygiene status, or other factors. The observed differences in this study do not agree with our previous observations in children on Java, Indonesia. There are differences in infrastructure facilities such as clean water and sanitation on ENT and Java, which may contribute to the differences observed. The role of the gut microbiota in stunting therefore requires more in depth studies. Trial registration: the trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier number NCT05119218.
| S-EPMC10980242 | biostudies-literature