Project description:Although the effect of the digital economy in promoting high-quality economic development is increasing day by day, research analysing this mechanism from the spatial perspective is very scarce. This study measures the level of the digital economy and high-quality economic development based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020. On this basis, the direct, spillover, and mediating effects of the digital economy and scientific and technological innovation on high-quality economic development are further analysed through the spatial Durbin model and mediating effect model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the digital economy, scientific and technological innovation, and high-quality economic development all show significant spatial correlation; (2) the digital economy can directly drive high-quality economic development, the spillover effect of which is obvious; and (3) the mechanism analysis based on the spatial perspective shows that the mediating effect of scientific and technological innovation is significant. The conclusions still hold after robustness tests based on the use of lagged variables, replacement of the weight matrices, and changing of the measurement methods. This study provides theoretical support and empirical evidence for promoting the digital economy and high-quality economic development.
Project description:In the context of building a modern industrial system, digital finance inclusive (DFI) and environmental regulation (ER) have become significant drivers of industrial structure upgrading. Amid the rapid development of DFI and the tightening of ER, high-quality development goals have been set. From a spatial perspective, can DFI, ER, and their interactions positively impact China's industrial structure? Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, empirical analysis is conducted using the Spatial Durbin Model and the Threshold Model. The study find that, firstly, in spatial regression, both DFI and ER significantly promote the upgrading of industrial structures, with notable spatial spillover effects. Secondly, it was discovered that the interaction between DFI and ER have a significant negative impact on industrial structure upgrading, with a pronounced negative spatial spillover effect, indicating a "siphon effect," which is a new finding. In the threshold model regression, it is found that both DFI and ER exhibit a single-threshold effect, while their interaction shows a double-threshold effect. In the heterogeneity test, it is found that the interaction between DFI and ER on industrial structure upgrading is greatly influenced by regional factors, with significant differences across different regions. Therefore, it is crucial to pay attention to the threshold values in the threshold effect while considering the unique economic and geographical attributes of each region to formulate targeted strategies.
Project description:BackgroundChild mortality is a major challenge to public health in Pakistan and other developing countries. Reduction of the child mortality rate would improve public health and enhance human well-being and prosperity. This study recognizes the spatial clusters of child mortality across districts of Pakistan and identifies the direct and spatial spillover effects of determinants on the Child Mortality Rate (CMR).MethodData of the multiple indicators cluster survey (MICS) conducted by the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was used to study the CMR. We used spatial univariate autocorrelation to test the spatial dependence between contiguous districts concerning CMR. We also applied the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to measure the spatial spillover effects of factors on CMR.ResultsThe study results showed 31% significant spatial association across the districts and identified a cluster of hot spots characterized by the high-high CMR in the districts of Punjab province. The empirical analysis of the SDM confirmed that the direct and spatial spillover effect of the poorest wealth quintile and MPI vulnerability on CMR is positive whereas access to postnatal care to the newly born child and improved drinking water has negatively (directly and indirectly) determined the CMR in Pakistan.ConclusionThe instant results concluded that spatial dependence and significant spatial spillover effects concerning CMR exist across districts. Prioritization of the hot spot districts characterized by higher CMR can significantly reduce the CMR with improvement in financial statuses of households from the poorest quintile and MPI vulnerability as well as improvement in accessibility to postnatal care services and safe drinking water.
Project description:Achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is an inherent requirement for countries to promote green recovery and transformation of the global economy after the COVID-19 pandemic. As "a smoke-free industry," producer services agglomeration (PSA) may have significant impacts on CO2 emission reduction. Therefore, based on the nightlight data to calculate the CO2 emissions of 268 cities in China from 2005 to 2017, this study deeply explores the impact and transmission mechanism of PSA on CO2 emissions by constructing dynamic spatial Durbin model and intermediary effect model. Furthermore, the dynamic threshold model is used to analyze the nonlinear characteristics between PSA and CO2 emissions under different degrees of government intervention. The results reveal that: (1) Generally, China's CO2 emissions are path-dependent in the time dimension, showing a "snowball effect." PSA significantly inhibits CO2 emissions, but heterogeneous influences exist in different regions, time nodes, and sub-industries; (2) PSA can indirectly curb CO2 emissions through economies of scale, technological innovation, and industrial structure upgrading. (3) The impact of PSA on China's CO2 emissions has an obvious double threshold effect under different degree of government intervention. Accordingly, the Chinese government should increase the support for producer services, dynamically adjust industrial policies, take a moderate intervention, and strengthen market-oriented reform to reduce CO2 emissions. This study opens up a new path for the low-carbon economic development and environmental sustainability, and also fills in the theoretical gaps on these issues. The findings and implications will offer instructive guideline for early achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
Project description:The global economic situation is in a downturn, and the upgrading of manufacturing structure is a necessary transformation path for the manufacturing industry to achieve high-speed and stable development. The article analyzes the theoretical mechanism of the digital economy affecting the upgrading of manufacturing structure through the endogenous economic growth model, constructs a three-stage mediation effect model, and empirically researches the path of the digital economy affecting the upgrading of manufacturing structure in the Pearl River Delta. The study finds that the digital economy has a significant positive promoting effect on the upgrading of manufacturing structure. In terms of the influencing mechanism, the enhancement of the level of independent innovation and the advancement of the human capital structure are the important paths of the digital economy in promoting the upgrading of manufacturing structure. Among them, the mediating effect is 17.5% for the level of independent innovation and 17.4% for the level of the advancement of the human capital structure. The results of the study also found that the upgrading of manufacturing structure cannot be separated from government support, and the influence of government support on t the upgrading of manufacturing structure reaches 44.9%, and government deployment and control is conducive to accelerating the process of advanced manufacturing structure.
Project description:This research is based on empirical surveys conducted in two Chinese cities, Beijing and Chengdu, which examine employment relationships, labor protection and social protection in the new digital economy. Through these theoretically informed surveys on various forms of employment via online platforms, we have found that the organizational principles and functional patterns of employment have profoundly transformed in the epoch of digitalization. The traditional employment relationship characterized by written contracts with clearly defined entitlements and obligations for employers and employees have been increasingly substituted by new volatile, fluid and fragile employment forms, softening the labor rights and social rights of "digital employees" and strengthening social control over them through online evaluation systems supported by smart phones and apps. The employees engaged in the online sharing economy have become more individualized and atomized than ever before, resulting in the emergence of an unorganized and disenfranchised "digital working class."
Project description:Environmental pollution and income inequality are important issues related to sustainable economic and social development. Air pollution affects residents' physical health, and income inequality affects social stability and economic development. No scholar has yet confirmed the causal impact of air pollution on income inequality; therefore, this study is an important extension of the environmental Kuznets curve theory. This article examines the impact using balanced panel data from 156 countries (2004-2017) and applies the spatial Durbin model to analyze the mechanism of air pollution's impact on income inequality from the perspective of public health. The results prove the following. First, increasing air pollution does increase income inequality. Second, the spatial spillover effect of air pollution constitutes a relatively important part of the total effect of air pollution on income inequality compared with the direct effect. Third, general government public-health expenditures are an important transmission channel by which air pollution affects income inequality. The conclusions of the research have some important policy implications for environmental governance and income distribution policies at the national as well as supranational level.
Project description:BackgroundDigitalization and population aging have had a profound impact on the development of undertakings for the aged, which brings challenges as well as opportunities for elder care system. This study examines the impact of the digital economy on the high-quality development (HQD) of undertakings for the aged in China.MethodsBased on the panel data of 31 provinces in mainland China from 2013 to 2021, this study explores the influence mechanism of the HQD of undertakings for the aged driven by the digital economy and its spatial spillover effects. The benchmark regression model is used to investigate the impact of the development level of the digital economy on the HQD of undertakings for the aged. The mediation effect model is used to explore the indirect effects of the digital economy on the HQD of undertakings for the aged through the influence of the intermediary variable. The spatial panel model is then used to analyze the spatial spillover effect of the digital economy on the HQD of undertakings for the aged.ResultsThe digital economy has a positive effect (coefficient = 0.1530, P-value < 0.01) on the local HQD of undertakings for the aged and a negative effect (coefficient = - 0.1012, P-value < 0.01) on the level of the HQD of undertakings for the aged in neighboring areas after controlling for other variables. The mediation effect of the proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP accounts for 6.6% of the total effect of the digital economy on the HQD of undertakings for the aged.ConclusionsThe digital economy can significantly promote the HQD of undertakings for the aged by transforming the development of the tertiary industry. The improvement in the digital economy has a significant spatial spillover effect. This research enriches the existing body of literature by suggesting effective ways to enhance the HQD of undertakings for the aged through the digital economy and the tertiary industry.
Project description:The rural digital economy plays an essential role in China's industrial upgrading, transformation, and urban-rural integration. To determine the state of China's rural digital economy, we constructed a county-level evaluation system using the subjective-objective evaluation method and calculated the digital economic levels of 2085 counties. Then, we analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics, spatial autocorrelation pattern, spatial disequilibrium degree, and spatial driving force of the rural digital economy at the county level using spatial analysis technology and a self-organizing feature mapping model. The results are as follows: 1) Compared with the real economy, the agglomeration effect of the digital economy was more obvious, and the economic gradient was more significant. Specifically, the dense high-value regions formed a continuous belt on the eastern coast from the Beijing-Tianjin area to the Pearl River Delta, opposite the dense low-value regions in the west. 2) There were significant differences in the rural digital economy within cities or provinces. Intraregional differences were not necessarily linked to the overall digital economy level because central and northeastern China presented a more balanced rural digital economy. 3) Digital network performance, e-commerce level, and economic vitality were identified as the core factors influencing the rural digital economy.
Project description:This paper examines the impact of widespread adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) on urban structure worldwide. Has it offset agglomeration benefits and led to more dispersed spatial structures, or has it strengthened urban externalities and thus resulted in more concentrated spatial structures? Theoretical and empirical studies on this question have produced contradictory findings. The present study recognizes that assumptions made earlier about the evolution of technological capabilities do not necessarily hold today. As cutting-edge digital technologies have matured considerably, a fresh look at this question is called for. The paper addresses this issue by means of several data sets using instrumental variable methods. One is the UN data on Urban Settlements with more than 300, 000 inhabitants. Estimation methods with these data show that increased adoption of ICT has resulted in national urban systems that are less uniform in terms of city sizes and are characterized by higher population concentrations in larger cities, when concentration is proxied the Pareto (Zipf) coefficient for national city size distributions. Two, is disaggregated data for the urban systems of the US, defined as Micropolitan and Metropolitan Areas, and for the UK, defined as Built-up Areas in England and Wales, respectively. These data allow for the impacts to be studied for cities smaller than those included in the cross-country data. Increased internet usage improved a city's ranking in the US urban system. Similarly, increased download speed improves a built-up area's ranking in England and Wales.