Ultrasound reduces inflammation by modulating M1/M2 polarization of microglia through STAT1/STAT6/PPARγ signaling pathways.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Activated microglia can be polarized to the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can attenuate pro-inflammatory responses in activated microglia.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of LIPUS on M1/M2 polarization of microglial cells and the regulatory mechanisms associated with signaling pathways.

Methods

BV-2 microglial cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to an M1 phenotype or by interleukin-4 (IL-4) to an M2 phenotype. Some microglial cells were exposed to LIPUS, while others were not. M1/M2 marker mRNA and protein expression were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was perfor

SUBMITTER: Hsu CH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10651950 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature