Female Abdominal Landmarks and Their Improvements Using Polydioxanone Thread Placement for Umbilicus Elevation.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Different landmarks on the abdomen have been used to evaluate abdominal aesthetics. However, because researchers use different methods for landmark measurements, there is no consensus as to which landmarks to use for either assessing abdominal aesthetics or guiding surgical planning.

Methods

Female model photographs were analyzed for abdominal aesthetics with the umbilicus as the key dividing point. Because of the limitation on the number of landmarks that could be shown with model photographs, abdominal landmarks on actual female patients were studied. The variations of landmark metrics due to positional changes and before/after our polydioxanone (PDO)-assisted high-definition liposuctions were recorded.

Results

For model photographs, the abdominal apex to

SUBMITTER: Yu AY 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10656096 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature