Dataset Information

A reference assembly for the legume cover crop hairy vetch (Vicia villosa).

ABSTRACT: Vicia villosa is an incompletely domesticated annual legume of the Fabaceae family native to Europe and Western Asia. V. villosa is widely used as a cover crop and forage due to its ability to withstand harsh winters. Here, we generated a reference-quality genome assembly (Vvill1.0) from low error-rate long-sequence reads to improve the genetic-based trait selection of this species. Our Vvill1.0 assembly includes seven scaffolds corresponding to the seven estimated linkage groups and comprising approximately 68% of the total genome size of 2.03 Gbp. This assembly is expected to be a useful resource for genetically improving this emerging cover crop species and provide useful insights into legume genomics and plant genome evolution.

SUBMITTER: Fuller T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10659084 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A reference assembly for the legume cover crop hairy vetch (Vicia villosa).

Fuller Tyson T Bickhart Derek M DM Koch Lisa M LM Kucek Lisa Kissing LK Ali Shahjahan S Mangelson Haley H Monteros Maria J MJ Hernandez Timothy T Smith Timothy P L TPL Riday Heathcliffe H Sullivan Michael L ML

GigaByte (Hong Kong, China) 20231113

Vicia villosa is an incompletely domesticated annual legume of the Fabaceae family native to Europe and Western Asia. V. villosa is widely used as a cover crop and forage due to its ability to withstand harsh winters. Here, we generated a reference-quality genome assembly (Vvill1.0) from low error-rate long-sequence reads to improve the genetic-based trait selection of this species. Our Vvill1.0 assembly includes seven scaffolds corresponding to the seven estimated linkage groups a ...[more]

PMID: 38023065

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Project description:BackgroundThe use of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) as cover crop is increasing worldwide. Hairy vetch can contribute as a nitrogen (N) source with potential to impact subsequent high N demanding cereals such as maize (Zea mays L.). Contrasting literature results emphasize the need for a global synthesis analysis to quantify changes in maize yield after hairy vetch.ObjectivesA meta-analysis was conducted to i) quantify maize yield response to hairy vetch as previous crop, ii) explore hairy vetch influence on fertilized and non-N fertilized maize yields, and iii) assess the tillage and environment factors on maize yield response to hairy vetch.MethodsThe global systematic search yielded 23 publications selected by the following criteria, i) hairy vetch dry matter at the end of the season, ii) maize grain yield, and iii) experimental design with (Mzhv) and without (Mzcontrol) hairy vetch treatments. Information such as N fertilization for maize, N accumulation in hairy vetch, organic matter, and tillage before maize sowing were recorded. Hairy vetch effects (effect size) were expressed as a ratio (percentage of grain yield variation in Mzhv/Mzcontrol).ResultsUnder non-N fertilization (n = 9), results revealed hairy vetch had mostly a positive effect, ranging from 13 to 45% (n = 6). In contrast, N-fertilized maize (n = 20) showed a high chance of neutral effects (n = 12), moderate probability of positive yield impact (7 to 38%, n = 6), and a low likelihood of negative effects (-32 and -17%, n = 2). Notably, maize yields improved by 21-25% when the N accumulation in hairy vetch ranged from 95 to 150 kg ha-1 and N rate from 0 to 120 kg ha-1. Non-N-fertilized maize exhibited a 14% increase in response in no-till systems and a 31% increase with conventional tillage.ConclusionThis study summarizes potential benefits of hairy vetch preceding maize. Yet, the heterogeneous outcomes deserve further exploration in terms of environment and management factors.

Project description:Cover crop benefits include nitrogen accumulation and retention, weed suppression, organic matter maintenance, and reduced erosion. Organic farmers need region-specific information on winter cover crop performance to effectively integrate cover crops into their crop rotations. Our research objective was to compare cover crop seeding mixtures, planting dates, and termination dates on performance of rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) monocultures and mixtures in the maritime Pacific Northwest USA. The study included four seed mixtures (100% hairy vetch, 25% rye-75% hairy vetch, 50% rye-50% hairy vetch, and 100% rye by seed weight), two planting dates, and two termination dates, using a split-split plot design with four replications over six years. Measurements included winter ground cover; stand composition; cover crop biomass, N concentration, and N uptake; and June soil NO3(-)-N. Rye planted in mid-September and terminated in late April averaged 5.1 Mg ha(-1) biomass, whereas mixtures averaged 4.1 Mg ha(-1) and hairy vetch 2.3 Mg ha(-1). Delaying planting by 2.5 weeks reduced average winter ground cover by 65%, biomass by 50%, and cover crop N accumulation by 40%. Similar reductions in biomass and N accumulation occurred for late March termination, compared with late April termination. Mixtures had less annual biomass variability than rye. Mixtures accumulated 103 kg ha(-1) N and had mean C:N ratio <17:1 when planted in mid-September and terminated in late April. June soil NO3(-)-N (0 to 30 cm depth) averaged 62 kg ha(-1) for rye, 97 kg ha(-1) for the mixtures, and 119 kg ha(-1) for hairy vetch. Weeds comprised less of the mixtures biomass (20% weeds by weight at termination) compared with the monocultures (29%). Cover crop mixtures provided a balance between biomass accumulation and N concentration, more consistent biomass over the six-year study, and were more effective at reducing winter weeds compared with monocultures.

Dataset Information

A reference assembly for the legume cover crop hairy vetch (Vicia villosa).

Publications

A reference assembly for the legume cover crop hairy vetch (<i>Vicia villosa</i>).

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