Dataset Information

Monovalent vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 BA.5 protects hamsters against Omicron but not non-Omicron variants.

ABSTRACT: We compared the protective effects of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines derived from the ancestral and the currently circulating BA.5.2 strains against infection with multiple variants in Syrian golden hamsters. Vaccination with BA.5.2 effectively protected against infection with the Omicron subvariants including XBB.1, but not the Alpha or Delta variant. In contrast, hamsters vaccinated with the ancestral strain demonstrated decent neutralization activity against both the Omicron and non-Omicron variants. Our findings might instruct future design and formulation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

SUBMITTER: Ong CP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10662430 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Monovalent vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 BA.5 protects hamsters against Omicron but not non-Omicron variants.

Ong Chon Phin CP Tang Kaiming K Cheung Pak-Hin Hinson PH Zhang Hongzhuo H Tang Tze-Tung TT Xue Yaqian Y Wang Junjue J To Kelvin Kai-Wang KK Yuan Shuofeng S Ye Zi-Wei ZW Jin Dong-Yan DY

NPJ vaccines 20231120 1

We compared the protective effects of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines derived from the ancestral and the currently circulating BA.5.2 strains against infection with multiple variants in Syrian golden hamsters. Vaccination with BA.5.2 effectively protected against infection with the Omicron subvariants including XBB.1, but not the Alpha or Delta variant. In contrast, hamsters vaccinated with the ancestral strain demonstrated decent neutralization activity against both the Omicron and non-Omicron ...[more]

PMID: 37985668

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Project description:The continued evolution and emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have resulted in challenges to vaccine and antibody efficacy. The emergence of each new variant necessitates the need to re-evaluate and refine animal models used for countermeasure testing. Here, we tested a recently circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage variant, BQ.1.1, in multiple rodent models including K18-human ACE2 (hACE2) transgenic, C57BL/6J, and 129S2 mice, and Syrian golden hamsters. In contrast to a previously dominant BA.5.5 Omicron variant, inoculation of K18-hACE2 mice with BQ.1.1 resulted in substantial weight loss, a characteristic seen in pre-Omicron variants. BQ.1.1 also replicated to higher levels in the lungs of K18-hACE2 mice and caused greater lung pathology than the BA.5.5 variant. However, in C57BL/6J mice, 129S2 mice, and Syrian hamsters, BQ.1.1 did not cause increased respiratory tract infection or disease compared to animals administered BA.5.5. Moreover, the rates of direct contact or airborne transmission in hamsters were not significantly different after BQ.1.1 and BA.5.5 infections. Taken together, these data suggest that the BQ.1.1 Omicron variant has increased virulence in rodent species that express hACE2, possibly due to the acquisition of unique spike mutations relative to earlier Omicron variants. IMPORTANCE As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve, there is a need to rapidly assess the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics against newly emergent variants. To do so, the commonly used animal models must also be re-evaluated. Here, we determined the pathogenicity of the BQ.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant in multiple SARS-CoV-2 animal models including transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 (hACE2), two strains of conventional laboratory mice, and Syrian hamsters. While BQ.1.1 and BA.5.5 infection resulted in similar levels of viral burden and clinical disease in hamsters and the conventional strains of laboratory mice tested, increases in lung infection were detected in hACE2-expressing transgenic mice, which corresponded with greater levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lung pathology. Taken together, our data highlight important differences in two closely related Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide a foundation for evaluating countermeasures.

Project description:ImportanceIn 2022, Omicron variants circulated globally, and Urumqi, China, experienced a COVID-19 outbreak seeded by Omicron BA.5 variants, resulting in the highest number of infections in the city's record before the exit of the zero COVID-19 strategy. Little was known about the characteristics of Omicron variants in mainland China.ObjectiveTo evaluate transmission characteristics of Omicron BA.5 variants and the effectiveness of inactivated vaccine (mainly BBIBP-CorV) against their transmission.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study was conducted using data from an Omicron-seeded COVID-19 outbreak in Urumqi from August 7 to September 7, 2022. Participants included all individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and their close contacts identified between August 7 and September 7, 2022 in Urumqi.ExposuresA booster dose was compared vs 2 doses (reference level) of inactivated vaccine and risk factors were evaluated.Main outcomes and measuresDemographic characteristics, timeline records from exposure to laboratory testing outcomes, contact tracing history, and contact setting were obtained. The mean and variance of the key time-to-event intervals of transmission were estimated for individuals with known information. Transmission risks and contact patterns were assessed under different disease-control measures and in different contact settings. The effectiveness of inactivated vaccine against the transmission of Omicron BA.5 was estimated using multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 1139 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 (630 females [55.3%]; mean [SD] age, 37.4 [19.9] years) and 51 323 close contacts who tested negative for COVID-19 (26 299 females [51.2%]; mean [SD] age, 38.4 [16.0] years), the means of generation interval, viral shedding period, and incubation period were estimated at 2.8 days (95% credible interval [CrI], 2.4-3.5 days), 6.7 days (95% CrI, 6.4-7.1 days), and 5.7 days (95% CrI, 4.8-6.6 days), respectively. Despite contact tracing, intensive control measures, and high vaccine coverage (980 individuals with infections [86.0%] received ≥2 doses of vaccine), high transmission risks were found in household settings (secondary attack rate, 14.7%; 95% CrI, 13.0%-16.5%) and younger (aged 0-15 years; secondary attack rate, 2.5%; 95% CrI, 1.9%-3.1%) and older age (aged >65 years; secondary attack rate, 2.2%; 95% CrI, 1.5%-3.0%) groups. Vaccine effectiveness against BA.5 variant transmission for the booster-dose vs 2 doses was 28.9% (95% CrI, 7.7%-45.2%) and 48.5% (95% CrI, 23.9%-61.4%) for 15-90 days after booster dose. No protective outcome was detected beyond 90 days after the booster dose.Conclusions and relevanceThis cohort study revealed key transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 as they evolved, as well as vaccine effectiveness against variants. These findings suggest the importance of continuously evaluating vaccine effectiveness against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Dataset Information

Monovalent vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 BA.5 protects hamsters against Omicron but not non-Omicron variants.

Publications

Monovalent vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 BA.5 protects hamsters against Omicron but not non-Omicron variants.

Similar Datasets

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