Phenol-Soluble Modulin α3 Stimulates Autophagy in HaCaT Keratinocytes.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are pore-forming toxins (PFTs) produced by staphylococci. PSMs exert diverse cellular effects, including lytic, pro-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions. Since the effects of PSMs on autophagy have not yet been reported, we evaluated the autophagic activity in HaCaT keratinocytes treated with recombinant PSMα3.

Methods

The autophagic flux and levels of autophagic marker proteins were determined using Western blot analysis. Subcellular localization of LC3B and Beclin-1 was investigated using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The ultrastructural features of control and PSMα3-treated cells were evaluated via transmission electron microscopy. Cytoplasmic acidification was measured via acridine orange staining. Phosph

SUBMITTER: Dernovics A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10669503 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature