Effect of Supplementary Light with Different Wavelengths on Anthocyanin Composition, Sugar Accumulation and Volatile Compound Profiles of Grapes
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhang J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10670164 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding small RNAs involved in the negative regulation of gene expression, which play critical roles in developmental and metabolic pathways. Studies in several plants have identified a few microRNAs and other small RNAs that target regulators of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway called the MYB transcription factors. However, it is not well understood how sRNA-mediated regulation of MYBs influences the accumulation of specific secondary metabolites. Using sRNA sequencing, degradome analysis, mRNA sequencing, and proteomic analysis, we establish that grape lines with high anthocyanin content express two MYB-targeting microRNAs abundantly, resulting in the differential expression of specific MYB proteins. miR828 and miR858 target coding sequences of specific helix motifs in the mRNA sequences of MYB proteins. Targeting by miR828 caused MYB RNA decay and the production of a cascade of secondary siRNAs that depend on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6. MYB suppression and cascade silencing was more robust in grape lines with high anthocyanin content than in a flavonol-rich grape line. We establish that microRNA-mediated silencing targeted the repressor class of MYBs to promote anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape lines with high anthocyanins. We propose that this process regulates the expression of appropriate MYBs in grape lines to produce specific secondary metabolites.
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Project description:Red color resulted from anthocyanin pigment, is an essential trait for premium table grape production. Anthocyanin biosynthesis occurs through the flavonoid pathway which includes several enzymatic reactions coded by different genes. The expression of these genes is regulated by different cultural practices, cultivars, environmental conditions, and plant hormones. Recently, we reported that the anthocyanin pathway is regulated by several factors such as light and antioxidant activity. Despite the advances in cultural practices, it is still challenging to produce table grapes with high coloration, especially under the current and expected global climate change in warmer areas such as California. In the current study, we deployed two approaches to improve the accumulation of red pigment in table grapes. The first approach involves improving the expression of critical genes involved in the anthocyanin pathway through hormonal treatments and light manipulation using a reflective ground cover (RGC). The second approach was to reduce the negative effect of heat stress through stimulation of the antioxidant pathway to help remove free radicals. Treatments included ethephon (ET) at 600 mg/L, silicon (Si) at 175 mg/L, and a commercial light-reflective white ground cover (RGC) alone and in various combinations. Treatments were conducted either with or without a combination of cluster-zone leaf removal at veraison (LR) on Flame seedless (Vitis vinifera L.). Data collected in 2019 and 2020 showed that the best treatment to improve berry coloration was using ET in combination with Si and RGC, applied at veraison. Adding the LR to this combination did not improve berry color any further, but rather caused a reduction in color development. RGC without conducting LR at veraison significantly increased the quantity of reflected blue and red lights as well as the red (R) to far-red (FR) ratio (R: FR) around clusters. Results were in accordance with the increase in gene expression of flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT), a key gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, as well as Peroxidase dismutase (POD). Manipulating the light spectrum and application of silicon in combination with the ethephon treatment could be used in table grape vineyards to improve the ethylene-induced anthocyanin accumulation and coloration.
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Project description:MicroRNAs are a class of endogeneously expressed non-coding small, ~21nt RNAs involved in the negative regulation of gene expression. In plants, miRNAs are known to play a critical role in developmental and metabolic pathways, as they predominantly target transcription factors. Studies in Arabidopsis and apple have shown that few microRNAs and small interfering (si) RNAs target MYB transcription factors, which are key regulators of phenylpropanoid pathway. However, it is not well-understood how miRNAs mediate regulation of MYBs to produce secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins and flavonoids. Here we show that, a cluster of abundant miRNAs target MYB transcription factors in anthocyanin rich fruits such as grapes. Using RNA-sequencing we establish that grape varieties with high anthocyanin content express abundant MYB-targeting miRNAs resulting in differential expression of MYB proteins among grape varieties, thereby regulating the phenylpropanoid pathway.
2019-10-08 | GSE118701 | GEO
Project description:MicroRNAs are a class of endogeneously expressed non-coding small, ~21nt RNAs involved in the negative regulation of gene expression. In plants, miRNAs are known to play a critical role in developmental and metabolic pathways, as they predominantly target transcription factors. Studies in Arabidopsis and apple have shown that few microRNAs and small interfering (si) RNAs target MYB transcription factors, which are key regulators of phenylpropanoid pathway. However, it is not well-understood how miRNAs mediate regulation of MYBs to produce secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins and flavonoids. Here we show that, a cluster of abundant miRNAs target MYB transcription factors in anthocyanin rich fruits such as grapes. Using deep small RNA-sequencing we establish that grape varieties with high anthocyanin content express abundant MYB-targeting miRNAs resulting in differential expression of MYB proteins among grape varieties, thereby regulating the phenylpropanoid pathway.
2017-12-20 | GSE107907 | GEO
Project description:MicroRNAs are a class of endogeneously expressed non-coding small, ~21nt RNAs involved in the negative regulation of gene expression. In plants, miRNAs are known to play a critical role in developmental and metabolic pathways, as they predominantly target transcription factors. Studies in Arabidopsis and apple have shown that few microRNAs and small interfering (si) RNAs target MYB transcription factors, which are key regulators of phenylpropanoid pathway. However, it is not well-understood how miRNAs mediate regulation of MYBs to produce secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins and flavonoids. Here we show that, a cluster of abundant miRNAs target MYB transcription factors in anthocyanin rich fruits such as grapes. Using RNA-sequencing we establish that grape varieties with high anthocyanin content express abundant MYB-targeting miRNAs resulting in differential expression of MYB proteins among grape varieties, thereby regulating the phenylpropanoid pathway.
2017-12-20 | GSE107905 | GEO
Project description:To identify wine grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera) with superior color properties for wine production, the anthocyanin composition and color characteristics of fourteen cultivars and their wines were investigated. Grapes and wines from 'Dornfelder', 'Dunkelfelder', and 'Malbec' cultivars exhibited significantly higher total phenolic contents. At harvest, 'Dornfelder' grapes and wines exhibited the highest total anthocyanin contents, with values of 249.94 mg/kg in grapes and 1686.76 mg/L in wines, significantly higher than other cultivars. PCA and PLS-DA analyses identified malvidin-3-O-(trans-6-O-coumaryl)-glucoside as a common differential metabolite in both grapes and wines across all cultivars. Correlation analysis revealed that non-acylated anthocyanins (r = 0.68) have a more significant impact than acylated anthocyanins (r = 0.28) on color chromatic diversity in grapes and wines (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that wines produced from 'Dornfelder' grapes are particularly valuable for their superior color properties and high individual anthocyanin contents. This study addresses a gap in comparative anthocyanin analysis among cultivars and provides valuable insights for grape growers and winemakers seeking to optimize grape selection for improved wine quality.
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Project description:Sugar-smoking contributes to improving flavor attributes of meat products. However, there is rather limited information concerning the relationship between sugar-smoking process parameters and volatile compound (VC) fingerprinting as well as related quality attributes of sugar-smoked chicken. In this work, the changes in VC across the whole sugar-smoking process were determined and analyzed and physicochemical properties, free fatty acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values, and E-nose were also performed to characterize the quality properties of sugar-smoked chicken breast (CB) and chicken skin (CS). Results suggested that a higher amount (P < 0.05) of total VC was observed in CS compared with CB during the whole processing, which may be correlated with higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values, and higher polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio. According to E-nose analysis, the volatile flavor is clearly separated in the sugar-smoking stage. Volatile fingerprinting results revealed that heterocycles were the characteristic flavor formed during sugar-smoking process and hexanal, nonanal, furfural, 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, and 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran were the major volatiles of the CS, which was closely related to lipid oxidation and caramelization reaction. Above all, the flavor of sugar-smoked chicken was mainly derived from CS and sugar-smoked process improved the flavor of CS. This study could provide theoretical guidance for regulation of the color and flavor of sugar-smoked chicken and further promote the development of the industry.
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Project description:ObjectiveThis study was performed to compare fat content, reducing sugar contents, sensory traits, and fatty acid (FA) and volatile compound profiles in longissimus thoracis (LT) among Korean cattle (KC), Holstein (HO), and Angus (AN) steers.MethodsTwelve LT samples (about 500 g each) of KC with an average age of 31±0.42 months, an average carcass weight of 431±12.5 kg, and a quality grade (QG) of 1+ were obtained from the joint livestock products market. Twelve LT samples of HO cattle with an average age of 24±0.54 months, an average carcass weight of 402±7.81 kg, and a QG of 2 were also obtained from the same market. Twelve LT samples of AN steers with an average age of about 20 months and a QG of choice were purchased from a beef delivery company. After slaughter, samples were kept at 4°C for 42 days and prepared for immediate analysis or stored at appropriate conditions. The chemical composition, color, pH, shear force, collagen content, reducing sugars, sensory evaluation, FA composition, and volatile compound content for each LT sample were analyzed.ResultsThe LT of KC had the highest (p<0.05) fat content, the highest reducing sugar content, and the highest scores in the sensory evaluation (flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance). All the sensory traits were positively correlated (p<0.001) with intramuscular fat and reducing sugar content. Several FAs and volatile compound profiles varied among the breeds. KC LT had the highest (p<0.05) concentrations of acetaldehyde, 3-methyl butanal, and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, and these volatile compounds were positively correlated (p<0.05) with all the sensory traits.ConclusionVariations in fat content and reducing sugar contents and FA and volatile compound profiles may contribute to differences in the sensory quality of LT among breeds.
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