Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide in Alleviating Low-Temperature Stress in Pepper Seedlings
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10671541 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:In this study, we investigated the mechanism of photosynthesis and physiological function of blueberry leaves under low temperature stress (4-6°C) by exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by spraying leaves with 0.5 mmol·L-1 NaHS (H2S donor) and 200 ?mol·L-1 hypotaurine (Hypotaurine, H2S scavenger). The results showed that chlorophyll and carotenoid content in blueberry leaves decreased under low temperature stress, and the photochemical activities of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) were also inhibited. Low temperature stress can reduce photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity by inhibiting stomatal conductance (G s) of blueberry leaves, and non-stomatal factors also play a limiting role at the 5th day of low temperature stress. Low temperature stress leads to the accumulation of Pro and H2O2 in blueberry leaves and increases membrane peroxidation. Spraying leaves with NaHS, a donor of exogenous H2S, could alleviate the degradation of chlorophyll and carotenoids in blueberry leaves caused by low temperature and reduce the photoinhibition of PSII and PSI. The main reason for the enhancement of photochemical activity of PSII was that exogenous H2S promoted the electron transfer from Q A to Q B on PSII acceptor side under low temperature stress. In addition, it promoted the accumulation of osmotic regulator proline under low temperature stress and significantly alleviated membrane peroxidation. H2S scavengers (Hypotaurine) aggravated photoinhibition and the degree of oxidative damage under low temperature stress. Improving photosynthetic capacity as well as alleviating photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative stress with exogenous H2S is possible in blueberry seedlings under low temperature stress.
| S-EPMC7059820 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as an endogenous gas signaling molecule, plays an important role in plant growth regulation and resistance to abiotic stress. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of exogenous H2S on the growth and development of Reaumuria soongorica seedlings under salt stress and to determine the optimal concentration for foliar application. To investigate the regulatory effects of exogenous H2S (donor sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 mM on reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant system, and osmoregulation in R. soongorica seedlings under 300 mM NaCl stress. The growth of R. soongorica seedlings was inhibited by salt stress, which resulted in a decrease in the leaf relative water content (LRWC), specific leaf area (SLA), and soluble sugar content in leaves, elevated activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT); and accumulated superoxide anion (O2-), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble protein content in leaves; and increased L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) activity and endogenous H2S content. This indicated that a high level of ROS was produced in the leaves of R. soongorica seedlings and seriously affected the growth and development of R. soongorica seedlings. The exogenous application of different concentrations of NaHS reduced the content of O 2-, proline and MDA, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmoregulators (soluble sugars and soluble proteins), while the LCD enzyme activity and the content of endogenous H2S were further increased with the continuous application of exogenous H2S. The inhibitory effects of salt stress on the growth rate of plant height and ground diameter, the LRWC, biomass, and SLA were effectively alleviated. A comprehensive analysis showed that the LRWC, POD, and proline could be used as the main indicators to evaluate the alleviating effect of exogenous H2S on R. soongorica seedlings under salt stress. The optimal concentration of exogenous H2S for R. soongorica seedlings under salt stress was 0.025 mM. This study provides an important theoretical foundation for understanding the salt tolerance mechanism of R. soongorica and for cultivating high-quality germplasm resources.
| S-EPMC10460565 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPlants respond to low temperature through an intricately coordinated transcriptional network. The CBF/DREB-regulated network of genes has been shown to play a prominent role in freeze-tolerance of Arabidopsis through the process of cold acclimation (CA). Recent evidence also showed that the CBF/DREB regulon is not unique to CA but evolutionarily conserved between chilling-insensitive (temperate) and chilling-sensitive (warm-season) plants. In this study, the wide contrast in chilling sensitivity between indica and japonica rice was used as model to identify other regulatory clusters by integrative analysis of promoter architecture (ab initio) and gene expression profiles.ResultsTranscriptome analysis in chilling tolerant japonica rice identified a subset of 121 'early response' genes that were upregulated during the initial 24 hours at 10 degrees C. Among this group were four transcription factors including ROS-bZIP1 and another larger sub-group with a common feature of having as1/ocs-like elements in their promoters. Cold-induction of ROS-bZIP1 preceded the induction of as1/ocs-like element-containing genes and they were also induced by exogenous H2O2 at ambient temperature. Coordinated expression patterns and similar promoter architectures among the 'early response' genes suggest that they belong to a potential regulon (ROS-bZIP-as1/ocs regulatory module) that responds to elevated levels of ROS during chilling stress. Cultivar-specific expression signatures of the candidate genes indicate a positive correlation between the activity of the putative regulon and genotypic variation in chilling tolerance.ConclusionA hypothetical model of an ROS-mediated regulon (ROS-bZIP-as1/ocs) triggered by chilling stress was assembled in rice. Based on the current results, it appears that this regulon is independent of ABA and CBF/DREB, and that its activation has an important contribution in configuring the rapid responses of rice seedlings to chilling stress.
| S-EPMC1925099 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe growth and yield of pepper, a typical temperature-loving vegetable, are limited by low-temperature environments. Using low-temperature sensitive 'Hangjiao No. 4' (Capsicum annuum L.) as experimental material, this study analyzed the changes in plant growth and photosynthesis under different treatments: normal control (NT), low-temperature stress alone (LT), low-temperature stress in strigolactone pretreated plants (SL_LT), and low-temperature stress in strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitor pretreated plants (Tis_LT).ResultsSL pretreatment increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and PSII actual photochemical efficiency (φPSII), reducing the inhibition of LT on the growth of pepper by 17.44% (dry weight of shoot). Due to promoting the accumulation of carotenoids, such as lutein, and the de-epoxidation of the xanthophyll cycle [(Z + A)/(Z + A + V)] by strigolactone after long-term low-temperature stress (120 h), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of pepper was increased to reduce the excess excitation energy [(1-qP)/NPQ] and the photoinhibition degree (Fv/Fm) of pepper seedlings under long-term low-temperature stress was alleviated. Twelve cDNA libraries were constructed from pepper leaves by transcriptome sequencing. There were 8776 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 4473 (51.0%) upregulated and 4303 (49.0%) downregulated genes. Gene ontology pathway annotation showed that based on LT, the DEGs of SL_LT and Tis_LT were significantly enriched in the cellular component, which is mainly related to the photosystem and thylakoids. Further analysis of the porphyrin and chlorophyll biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna protein, and photosynthetic metabolic pathways and the Calvin cycle under low-temperature stress highlighted 18, 15, 21, 29, and 31 DEGs for further study, which were almost all highly expressed under SL_LT treatment and moderately expressed under LT treatment, whereas Tis_LT showed low expression.ConclusionThe positive regulatory effect of SLs on the low-temperature tolerance of pepper seedlings was confirmed. This study provided new insights for the development of temperature-tolerant pepper lines through breeding programs.
| S-EPMC11441246 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Spring maize sowing occurs during a period of low temperature (LT) in Northeast China, and the LT suppresses nitrogen (N) metabolism and photosynthesis, further reducing dry matter accumulation. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) improves N metabolism; hence, we studied the effects of DA-6 on maize seedlings under LT conditions. The shoot and root fresh weight and dry weight decreased by 17.70%~20.82% in the LT treatment, and decreased by 5.81%~13.57% in the LT + DA-6 treatment on the 7th day, respectively. Exogenous DA-6 suppressed the increases in ammonium (NH4+) content and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, and suppressed the decreases in nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) contents, and activities of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and transaminase activities. NiR activity was most affected by DA-6 under LT conditions. Additionally, exogenous DA-6 suppressed the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decrease, and the suppressed the increases of superoxide anion radical (O2·-) generation rate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Taken together, our results suggest that exogenous DA-6 mitigated the repressive effects of LT on N metabolism by improving photosynthesis and modulating oxygen metabolism, and subsequently enhanced the LT tolerance of maize seedlings.
| S-EPMC7192554 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a newly appreciated participant in physiological and biochemical regulation in plants. However, whether H2S is involved in the regulation of plant responses to drought stress remains unclear. Here, the role of H2S in the regulation of drought stress response in Spinacia oleracea seedlings is reported. First, drought stress dramatically decreased the relative water content (RWC) of leaves, photosynthesis, and the efficiency of PSII. Moreover, drought caused the accumulation of ROS and increased the MDA content. However, the application of NaHS counteracted the drought-induced changes in these parameters. Second, NaHS application increased the water and osmotic potential of leaves. Additionally, osmoprotectants such as proline and glycinebetaine (GB) content were altered by NaHS application under drought conditions, suggesting that osmoprotectant contributes to H2S-induced drought resistance. Third, the levels of soluble sugars and polyamines (PAs) were increased differentially by NaHS application in S. oleracea seedlings. Moreover, several genes related to PA and soluble sugar biosynthesis, as well as betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (SoBADH), choline monooxygenase (SoCMO), and aquaporin (SoPIP1;2), were up-regulated by H2S under drought stress. These results suggest that H2S contributes to drought tolerance in S. oleracea through its effect on the biosynthesis of PAs and soluble sugars. Additionally, GB and trehalose also play key roles in enhancing S. oleracea drought resistance.
| S-EPMC4972840 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S, 80 ppm) gas in an atmosphere of 17.5% oxygen reportedly induces suspended animation in mice; a state analogous to hibernation that entails hypothermia and hypometabolism. However, exogenous H2S in combination with 17.5% oxygen is able to induce hypoxia, which in itself is a trigger of hypometabolism/hypothermia. Using non-invasive thermographic imaging, we demonstrated that mice exposed to hypoxia (5% oxygen) reduce their body temperature to ambient temperature. In contrast, animals exposed to 80 ppm H2S under normoxic conditions did not exhibit a reduction in body temperature compared to normoxic controls. In conclusion, mice induce hypothermia in response to hypoxia but not H2S gas, which contradicts the reported findings and putative contentions.
| S-EPMC5832815 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rationale: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is a severe neurovascular disease that urgently requires effective therapeutic interventions. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has garnered significant attention as a potential treatment for stroke; however, the precise and targeted delivery of H2S remains a considerable challenge for its clinical application. Methods: We have developed HSDF-NH2, a novel H2S donor characterized by high selectivity, self-reporting capabilities, and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Results: HSDF-NH2 effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) while generating H2S, with emitted fluorescence facilitating the visualization and quantification of H2S release. This compound has demonstrated protective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and contributes to the reconstruction of brain structure and function in a rat stroke model (tMCAO/R). Conclusion: As a ROS-responsive, self-reporting, and fluorescent H2S donor, HSDF-NH2 holds considerable promise for the treatment of ischemic diseases beyond stroke.
| S-EPMC11626942 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Drought stress significantly restricts the growth, yield, and quality of peppers. Strigolactone (SL), a relatively new plant hormone, has shown promise in alleviating drought-related symptoms in pepper plants. However, there is limited knowledge on how SL affects the gene expression in peppers when exposed to drought stress (DS) after the foliar application of SL. To explore this, we conducted a thorough physiological and transcriptome analysis investigation to uncover the mechanisms through which SL mitigates the effects of DS on pepper seedlings. DS inhibited the growth of pepper seedlings, altered antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced relative water content (RWC), and caused oxidative damage. On the contrary, the application of SL significantly enhanced RWC, promoted root morphology, and increased leaf pigment content. SL also protected pepper seedlings from drought-induced oxidative damage by reducing MDA and H2O2 levels and maintaining POD, CAT, and SOD activity. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in ribosomes, ABC transporters, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and Auxin/MAPK signaling pathways in DS and DS + SL treatment. Furthermore, the results of qRT-PCR showed the up-regulation of AGR7, ABI5, BRI1, and PDR4 and down-regulation of SAPK6, NTF4, PYL6, and GPX4 in SL treatment compared with drought-only treatment. In particular, the key gene for SL signal transduction, SMXL6, was down-regulated under drought. These results elucidate the molecular aspects underlying SL-mediated plant DS tolerance, and provide pivotal strategies for effectively achieving pepper drought resilience.
| S-EPMC10740728 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a neuromodulator in the central nervous system. However, the physiological role of H2S in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) has rarely been reported. This research aimed to elucidate the role of H2S in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS; 4 and 8 nmol) groups, physiological saline (PS) group, capsazepine (10 pmol) + NaHS (4 nmol) group, L703606 (4 nmol) + NaHS (4 nmol) group, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 4 nmol) + NaHS (4 nmol) group. Gastrointestinal motility curves before and after the injection were recorded using a latex balloon attached with a pressure transducer, which was introduced into the pylorus through gastric fundus. The results demonstrated that NaHS (4 and 8 nmol), an exogenous H2S donor, remarkably suppressed gastrointestinal motility in the NA of rats (P < 0.01). The suppressive effect of NaHS on gastrointestinal motility could be prevented by capsazepine, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, and PDTC, a NF-?B inhibitor. However, the same amount of PS did not induce significant changes in gastrointestinal motility (P > 0.05). Our findings indicate that NaHS within the NA can remarkably suppress gastrointestinal motility in rats, possibly through TRPV1 channels and NF-?B-dependent mechanism.
| S-EPMC7516268 | biostudies-literature