Effect of slow breathing exercise and progressive muscle relaxation technique in the individual with essential hypertension: A randomized controlled trial
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SUBMITTER: Pathan F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10681448 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundHypertensive disorders in pregnancy are the main cause of maternal and fetal mortality; however, they have no definite effective treatment. The researchers aimed to study the effects of progressive muscular relaxation and breathing control technique on blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy.Materials and methodsThis three-group clinical trial was conducted in Mashhad health centers and governmental hospitals. Sixty pregnant (after 20 weeks of gestational age) women with systolic BP ≥ 135 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg were assigned to three groups. Progressive muscular relaxation and breathing control exercises were administered to the two experimental groups once a week in person and in the rest of the days by instructions given on a CD for 4 weeks. BP was checked before and after the interventions. BP was measured before and after 15 min subjects' waiting without any especial intervention in the control group.ResultsAfter 4 weeks of intervention, the systolic (by a mean of 131.3 to 117.2, P = 0.001 and by a mean of 131.05 to 120.5, P = 0.004, respectively) and diastolic (by a mean of 79.2 to 72.3, P = 0.001 and by a mean of 80.1 to 76.5, P = 0.047, respectively) BPs were significantly decreased in progressive muscular relaxation and breathing control groups, but they were not statistically significant in the control group.ConclusionsThe interventions were effective on decreasing systolic and diastolic BP to normal range after 4 weeks in both the groups. The effects of both the interventions were more obvious on systolic BP compared to diastolic BP.
| S-EPMC4857670 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThere is scarce research on the effects of mindfulness in individual therapy. As many practitioners integrate mindfulness exercises into individual therapy, empirical evidence is of high clinical relevance.MethodWe investigated the effects of a session-introducing intervention with mindfulness elements (SIIME) in a randomized, controlled design. The effects of SIIME on therapeutic alliance and symptomatic outcome were compared with progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and treatment-as-usual (TAU) control conditions. The sample comprised 162 patients with anxiety and depression.ResultsMultilevel modeling revealed a significant symptom reduction and significant increase of alliance over the course of therapy. There were no significant time-condition interactions on outcome and alliance, indicating the comparable efficiency of all three treatment conditions.ConclusionsWe found no advantage of SIIME versus PMR and TAU. Add-on mindfulness might not improve individual therapy related to alliance and outcome.
| S-EPMC6826255 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Biological motion stimuli, such as orthographically projected stick figure walkers, are ambiguous about their orientation in depth. The projection of a stick figure walker oriented towards the viewer, therefore, is the same as its projection when oriented away. Even though such figures are depth-ambiguous, however, observers tend to interpret them as facing towards them more often than facing away. Some have speculated that this facing-the-viewer bias may exist for sociobiological reasons: Mistaking another human as retreating when they are actually approaching could have more severe consequences than the opposite error. Implied in this hypothesis is that the facing-towards percept of biological motion stimuli is potentially more threatening. Measures of anxiety and the facing-the-viewer bias should therefore be related, as researchers have consistently found that anxious individuals display an attentional bias towards more threatening stimuli. The goal of this study was to assess whether physical exercise (Experiment 1) or an anxiety induction/reduction task (Experiment 2) would significantly affect facing-the-viewer biases. We hypothesized that both physical exercise and progressive muscle relaxation would decrease facing-the-viewer biases for full stick figure walkers, but not for bottom- or top-half-only human stimuli, as these carry less sociobiological relevance. On the other hand, we expected that the anxiety induction task (Experiment 2) would increase facing-the-viewer biases for full stick figure walkers only. In both experiments, participants completed anxiety questionnaires, exercised on a treadmill (Experiment 1) or performed an anxiety induction/reduction task (Experiment 2), and then immediately completed a perceptual task that allowed us to assess their facing-the-viewer bias. As hypothesized, we found that physical exercise and progressive muscle relaxation reduced facing-the-viewer biases for full stick figure walkers only. Our results provide further support that the facing-the-viewer bias for biological motion stimuli is related to the sociobiological relevance of such stimuli.
| S-EPMC4079562 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of slow deep breathing relaxation exercise (SDBRE) in reducing patients' pain levels during chest tube removal (CTR) post coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.MethodsIn 2019, fifty post-CABG patients were conveniently selected from a cardiac intensive care unit in Jordan's major referral heart institute. The patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. A total of 25 patients were assigned into the experimental group who received slow deep breathing relaxation Exercise (SDBRE) alongside the conventional care before CTR. The remaining 25 patients constituted the control group (50%) that had CTR following conventional care. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure the participants' pain levels during three phases: before CTR (Time 1), 5-min post CTR (Time 2), and 15-min post CTR (Time 2) to compare the intervention effect between the two groups.ResultsThe data analysis findings for the control and intervention group of patients showed that there was a statistically significant decline in their pain level across time for both groups (H = 32.71, P < 0.01; H = 47.23, P < 0.01) respectively. The intervention group had significantly lower pain levels than the control group at Time 2 (3.50 [1.20, 5.30] vs. 7.90 [7.00, 9.00], P < 0.01) and Time 3 (0.00 [0.00, 1.30] vs. 3.60 [2.40, 4.10] P < 0.01).ConclusionsUsing SDBRE during CTR is an effective technique for reducing pain which can minimize the need for analgesics and their associated adverse effects.
| S-EPMC9052258 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo examine the effectiveness of a modified relaxation (MR) technique in reducing blood pressure levels in Thai postmenopausal women with mild hypertension, compared with a control group who received health education.MethodsThis is a 16-week, randomized, parallel, open-label, controlled trial in a menopausal clinic in a tertiary health care center in Northeastern Thailand. The intervention group received a 60-minute session of MR training and were encouraged to practice 15-20 minutes a day, at least 5 days a week. The control group received lifestyle education, including diet and exercise. The primary and secondary outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP).ResultsOf 432 participants, 215 and 217 were randomly allocated to the MR and control groups, respectively. Of those, 167 participants in the MR group and 175 participants in the control group completed the study. The SBP was significantly more reduced in the MR group, with a mean of 2.1 mmHg (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups on the changed DBP.ConclusionThe MR technique may be effective in lowering SBP in Thai postmenopausal women visiting a menopause clinic. Its efficacy may be observed as soon as 4 weeks after start of treatment. Long-term and combined relaxation therapy and antihypertensive agents are warranted in a large cohort of this population. This trial is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (number NCT01429662).
| S-EPMC3794966 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Relaxation Breathing Exercise (RBE) on fatigue in patients with gynaecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsWe used a quasi-experiment with pre- and post-test design. Forty-two patients were consecutively sampled, 21 of whom were assigned to the group receiving RBE four times a day and 21 to the group receiving RBE twice a day. Fatigue scores were measured every day for 7 days for both groups using the Piper Fatigue Scale. Data obtained were analysed using repeated-ANOVA and independent t-test with a significant level of α < 0.01.ResultsWe found a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the mean fatigue scores of both groups (four times RBE in a day group = 3.29 ± 0.59 and twice RBE in a day group = 4.19 ± 0.61) after the completion of the intervention. However, the four times RBE a day group showed larger decrease on fatigue scores than the twice RBE a day group did (Mean Difference = 0.91; 99% CI = 0.41 to 1.41; P = 0.001).ConclusionConducting RBE four times a day effectively alleviated fatigue better than RBE twice a day on gynaecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
| S-EPMC6626290 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most important, modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The popularity of wearable devices provides an opportunity to test whether device guided slow mindful breathing may serve as a non-pharmacological treatment in the management of hypertension. Methods: Fitbit Versa-3 and Sense devices were used for this study. In addition, participants were required to own an FDA or Health Canada approved blood pressure measuring device. Advertisements were shown to 655,910 Fitbit users, of which 7,365 individuals expressed interest and filled out the initial survey. A total of 1,918 participants entered their blood pressure readings on at least 1 day and were considered enrolled in the study. Participants were instructed to download a guided mindful breathing app on their smartwatch device, and to engage with the app once a day prior to sleep. Participants measured their systolic and diastolic blood pressure prior to starting each mindful breathing session, and again after completion. All measurements were self reported. Participants were located in the United States or Canada. Results: Values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced following mindful breathing. There was also a decrease in resting systolic and diastolic measurements when measured over several days. For participants with a systolic pressure ≥ 130 mmHg, there was a decrease of 9.7 mmHg following 15 min of mindful breathing at 6 breaths per minute. When measured over several days, the resting systolic pressure decreased by an average of 4.3 mmHg. Discussion: Mindful breathing for 15 min a day, at a rate of 6 breaths per minute is effective in lowering blood pressure, and has both an immediate, and a short term effect (over several days). This large scale study demonstrates that device guided mindful breathing with a consumer wearable for 15 min a day is effective in lowering blood pressure, and a helpful complement to the standard of care.
| S-EPMC10844494 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a range of behavioral, physical, and psychological symptoms. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of progressive relaxation and myofascial release technique (MRT) on premenstrual symptoms, blood flow rate, pain, sleep quality and quality of life, in women with PMS.MethodThe study will conduct as a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Study registered at the ClinicalTrial.gov Protocol ID: NCT05836454. The volunteers will be randomized using allocation software to be divided into 3 groups: the progressive muscle relaxation group, the MRT group, and the control group. Assessments will be conducted by another physical therapist who is blinded to the groups. The assessments will include the Premenstrual Syndrome Severity Score, Blood Flow Measurements, Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Short Form-36 Health Survey.DiscussionSince both methods provide relaxation, improve symptoms and quality of life, they have not been compared to each other in the literature. This prompt to us to plan this study.
| S-EPMC10328656 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Essential hypertension (EH) is a risk factor for some severe diseases. This study aimed to screen out serum special proteins and seek interaction between them, which would provide new therapeutic targets and elucidate the comprehensive pathophysiological mechanism for EH. Patients with EH (Group A, n = 47) and healthy controls (HC) (Group B, n = 47) were recruited in this study. Serums from the two groups were analyzed with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation coupled two-dimensional liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry technique, while the candidate special proteins were verified with ELISA and western blot. A total of 404 proteins were identified, of which 30 proteins were upregulated (>1.2-fold, p < 0.05) and 81 proteins were downregulated (<0.833-fold, p < 0.05) compared with HC group. With GO, KEGG analysis, and literature retrieval, 4 proteins, cathepsin G, transforming growth factor beta-1, hyaluronidase-1, and kininogen-1, were found jointly involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and kallikrein-kinin system. The profiles of these 4 candidate proteins were confirmed with ELISA and western blot. The concentration variation of these 4 proteins could better predict the occurrence and illustrate the pathophysiological mechanism of EH. And their discovery may help pave the way for exploring new therapies of EH.
| S-EPMC5671681 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Patients with mutations in Cullin-3 (CUL3) exhibit severe early onset hypertension but the contribution of the smooth muscle remains unclear. Conditional genetic ablation of CUL3 in vascular smooth muscle (S-CUL3KO) causes progressive impairment in responsiveness to nitric oxide (NO), rapid development of severe hypertension, and increased arterial stiffness. Loss of CUL3 in primary aortic smooth muscle cells or aorta resulted in decreased expression of the NO receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), causing a marked reduction in cGMP production and impaired vasodilation to cGMP analogues. Vasodilation responses to a selective large conductance Ca2+-activated K+-channel activator were normal suggesting that downstream signals which promote smooth muscle-dependent relaxation remained intact. We conclude that smooth muscle specific CUL3 ablation impairs both cGMP production and cGMP responses and that loss of CUL3 function selectively in smooth muscle is sufficient to cause severe hypertension by interfering with the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway. Our study provides compelling evidence for the sufficiency of vascular smooth muscle CUL3 as a major regulator of BP. CUL3 mutations cause severe vascular dysfunction, arterial stiffness and hypertension due to defects in vascular smooth muscle.
| S-EPMC6675584 | biostudies-literature