Estimating the environmental impacts of global lithium-ion battery supply chain: A temporal, geographical, and technological perspective.

ABSTRACT: A sustainable low-carbon transition via electric vehicles will require a comprehensive understanding of lithium-ion batteries' global supply chain environmental impacts. Here, we analyze the cradle-to-gate energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of current and future nickel-manganese-cobalt and lithium-iron-phosphate battery technologies. We consider existing battery supply chains and future electricity grid decarbonization prospects for countries involved in material mining and battery production. Currently, around two-thirds of the total global emissions associated with battery production are highly concentrated in three countries as follows: China (45%), Indonesia (13%), and Australia (9%). On a unit basis, projected electricity grid decarbonization could reduce emissions of future batt

SUBMITTER: Llamas-Orozco JA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10683946 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature