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Thermoelectric coupling effect in BNT-BZT-xGaN pyroelectric ceramics for low-grade temperature-driven energy harvesting.

ABSTRACT: Pyroelectric energy harvesting has received increasing attention due to its ability to convert low-grade waste heat into electricity. However, the low output energy density driven by low-grade temperature limits its practical applications. Here, we show a high-performance hybrid BNT-BZT-xGaN thermal energy harvesting system with environmentally friendly lead-free BNT-BZT pyroelectric matrix and high thermal conductivity GaN as dopant. The theoretical analysis of BNT-BZT and BNT-BZT-xGaN with x = 0.1 wt% suggests that the introduction of GaN facilitates the resonance vibration between Ga and Ti, O atoms, which not only contributes to the enhancement of the lattice heat conduction, but also improves the vibration of TiO₆ octahedra, resulting in simultaneous improvement of thermal conductivity and pyroelectric coefficient. Therefore, a thermoelectric coupling enhanced energy harvesting density of 80 μJ cm^-3 has been achieved in BNT-BZT-xGaN ceramics with x = 0.1 wt% driven by a temperature variation of 2 ^oC, at the optical load resistance of 600 MΩ.

SUBMITTER: Shen M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10689474 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Thermoelectric coupling effect in BNT-BZT-xGaN pyroelectric ceramics for low-grade temperature-driven energy harvesting.

Shen Meng M Liu Kun K Zhang Guanghui G Li Qifan Q Zhang Guangzu G Zhang Qingfeng Q Zhang Haibo H Jiang Shenglin S Chen Yong Y Yao Kui K

Nature communications 20231130 1

Pyroelectric energy harvesting has received increasing attention due to its ability to convert low-grade waste heat into electricity. However, the low output energy density driven by low-grade temperature limits its practical applications. Here, we show a high-performance hybrid BNT-BZT-xGaN thermal energy harvesting system with environmentally friendly lead-free BNT-BZT pyroelectric matrix and high thermal conductivity GaN as dopant. The theoretical analysis of BNT-BZT and BNT-BZT-xGaN with x = ...[more]

PMID: 38036536

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Project description:The increasing awareness of environmental concerns has prompted a surge in the exploration of lead-free, high-power ceramic capacitors. Ongoing efforts to develop lead-free dielectric ceramics with exceptional energy-storage performance (ESP) have predominantly relied on multi-component composite strategies, often accomplished under ultrahigh electric fields. However, this approach poses challenges in insulation and system downsizing due to the necessary working voltage under such conditions. Despite extensive study, bulk ceramics of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT), a prominent lead-free dielectric ceramic family, have seldom achieved a recoverable energy-storage (ES) density (Wrec) exceeding 7 J cm-3. This study introduces a novel approach to attain ceramic capacitors with high ESP under moderate electric fields by regulating permittivity based on a linear dielectric model, enhancing insulation quality, and engineering domain structures through chemical formula optimization. The incorporation of SrTiO3 (ST) into the BNT matrix is revealed to reduce the dielectric constant, while the addition of Bi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 (BMN) aids in maintaining polarization. Additionally, the study elucidates the methodology to achieve high ESP at moderate electric fields ranging from 300 to 500 kV cm-1. In our optimized composition, 0.5(Bi0.5Na0.4K0.1)TiO3-0.5(2/3ST-1/3BMN) (B-0.5SB) ceramics, we achieved a Wrec of 7.19 J cm-3 with an efficiency of 93.8% at 460 kV cm-1. Impressively, the B-0.5SB ceramics exhibit remarkable thermal stability between 30 and 140 °C under 365 kV cm-1, maintaining a Wrec exceeding 5 J cm-3. This study not only establishes the B-0.5SB ceramics as promising candidates for ES materials but also demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing ESP by modifying the dielectric constant under specific electric field conditions. Simultaneously, it provides valuable insights for the future design of ceramic capacitors with high ESP under constraints of limited electric field.

Dataset Information

Thermoelectric coupling effect in BNT-BZT-xGaN pyroelectric ceramics for low-grade temperature-driven energy harvesting.

Publications

Thermoelectric coupling effect in BNT-BZT-xGaN pyroelectric ceramics for low-grade temperature-driven energy harvesting.

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