Higher intake of certain nutrients among older adults is associated with better cognitive function: an analysis of NHANES 2011–2014
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SUBMITTER: Devarshi P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10696734 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:PurposeRisks of dehydration and cognitive decline increase with advancing age, yet the relation between dehydration, water intake, and cognitive performance among older adults remains understudied.MethodsUsing data from the 2011-2014 cycles of the Nutrition and Health Examination Survey (NHANES), we tested if calculated serum osmolarity (Sosm) and adequate intake (AI) of water among women (n = 1271) and men (n = 1235) ≥ 60 years old were associated with scores of immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and attention/processing speed. Sosm was categorized as < 285 (hyperhydrated), 285-289, 290-294, 295-300, or > 300 (dehydrated) mmol/L. AI of water was defined as ≥ 2 L/day for women and ≥ 2.5 L/day for men.ResultsWomen with Sosm between 285 and 289 mmol/L scored 3.2-5.1 points higher on the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST) of attention/processing speed than women in other Sosm categories (P values < 0.05). There was evidence of a curvilinear relationship between DSST scores and Sosm among women and men (P values for quadratic terms < 0.02). Meeting an alternative AI on water intake of ≥ 1 mL/kcal and ≥ 1500 mL, but not the sex-specific AI, was associated with scoring one point higher on a verbal fluency test (P = 0.02) and two points higher on the DSST (P = 0.03) among women. Significant negative associations between dehydration or inadequate water intake and test scores were not observed among men.ConclusionHydration status and water intake were moderately associated with attention/processing speed among females. Future work should consider the effects of both dehydration and overhydration on cognitive function and investigate potential sex differences in cognitive responses to hydration status.
| S-EPMC8841102 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary sodium/potassium intake and cognition in elderly individuals with hypertension. We designed a cross-sectional study based on the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. A multivariable-logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between sodium/potassium intake and cognitive impairment. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) based on regression analysis to assess the nonlinear dose-response relationship between dietary sodium intake and cognitive performance. Out of the 2276 participants included in this study, 1670 patients had hypertension. Compared with the lowest quartile of dietary sodium intake, the lowest weighted odds ratio of cognitive impairment in DSST was observed in Q4 (OR = 0.45, 0.29-0.70), and a similar trend was observed in AFT (OR = 0.34, 0.18-0.65). After adjusting the covariates, the lowest weighted multivariable-adjusted OR of cognitive impairment in DSST were also observed in Q4 (OR = 0.47, 0.26-0.84) compared with the lowest quartile of dietary sodium intake. The RCS results showed that dietary sodium intake was U-shaped and associated with the risk of cognitive impairment in the DSST (Pnon-linearity = 0.0067). In addition, no significant association was observed between dietary potassium intake and different dimensions of cognitive performance. In conclusion, excessively high and low low dietary sodium were associated with impairment of specific processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory for elderly patients with hypertension in the United States. However, no association was observed between dietary potassium intake and cognition.
| S-EPMC10246459 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment has been evidenced across research; however, conflicting results have been observed. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3179 adults older than 60 from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. In our results, we found that adults with abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol had 4.39 fewer points in the CERAD immediate recall test than adults without any metabolic syndrome factors [Beta = -4.39, SE = 1.32, 17.75 (1.36) vs. 22.14 (0.76)]. In addition, people with this metabolic syndrome combination exhibited 2.39 fewer points in the CERAD delayed recall test than those without metabolic syndrome criteria [Beta = -2.39, SE = 0.46, 4.32 (0.49) vs. 6.71 (0.30)]. It was also found that persons with high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and low HDL-cholesterol levels reached 4.11 points less in the animal fluency test than people with no factors [Beta = -4.11, SE = 1.55, 12.67 (2.12) vs. 16.79 (1.35)]. These findings suggest that specific metabolic syndrome combinations are essential predictors of cognitive impairment. In this study, metabolic syndrome combinations that included obesity, fasting hyperglycemia, high triglycerides, and low HDL-cholesterol were among the most frequent criteria observed.
| S-EPMC10093810 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although the Mediterranean diet (MedD) has gained interest for potential Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention, it is unknown how well US older adults follow a MedD. We used two National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2011-2014) to conduct our primary aim of reporting population estimates of MedD adherence among older adults (60+ years) in the US (n = 3068). The mean MedD adherence score for US older adults was 5.3 ± 2.1 (maximum possible = 18), indicating that older adults in the US do not adhere to a MedD. There were various differences in MedD scores across demographic characteristics. We also assessed the cross-sectional relationship between MedD adherence and cognitive performance using survey-weighted ordinary least squares regression and binary logistic regression models adjusted for 11 covariates. Compared to the lowest MedD adherence tertile, the highest tertile had a lower odds ratio of low cognitive performance on three of five cognitive measures (p < 0.05 for each). Sensitivity analyses within participants without subjective memory complaints over the past year revealed similar results on the same three cognitive measures. We conclude that MedD interventions are a departure from usual dietary intake of older adults in the US and are a reasonable approach for AD prevention trials.
| S-EPMC7399952 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the association between the American Heart Association's (AHA) newly revised Life's Essential 8 (LE8) algorithm, designed for assessing cardiovascular health (CVH), and cognitive impairment among older adults in the United States.MethodsThis study employed a cross-sectional design, utilizing data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to explore the relationship between CVH and cognitive impairment in older adults. CVH scores are assessed based on the AHA definition of the LE8, categorized into three tiers: low (0-49), medium (50-79), and high (80-100). Cognitive impairment is evaluated using three distinct scoring systems: the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). The lowest quartile as the cut-off point; below or equal to the lower quartile was considered as low cognitive population, and above the lower quartile was normal population. To analyze the association, multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were employed.ResultsA significant negative correlation exists between the LE8 and cognitive impairment. After adjusting for multiple variables, the odds ratios (OR) for cognitive impairment, as measured by the CERAD, AFT, and DSST, were compared between patients with high and low CVH. The results indicated OR values of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.36-0.98), 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52-0.97), and 0.29 (95% CI: 0.16-0.53) for the CERAD, AFT, and DSST, respectively. Additionally, the RCS curve demonstrated a significant linear relationship between lifestyle factors encapsulated by the LE8 and cognitive impairment.ConclusionsThe findings indicate higher adherence to LE8 was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, maintaining optimal CVH is crucial in preventing cognitive impairment.
| S-EPMC11566281 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEpidemiological evidence on Urine metals and cognitive impairment in older individuals is sparse and limited. The goal of this study was to analyze if there was a link between urinary metal levels and cognitive performance in U.S. people aged 60 and up.MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2014 were utilized in this cross-sectional analysis. Memory function was quantified using the following methods: Established Consortium for Word Learning in Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-WL) (immediate learning and recall and delayed recall), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to estimate urine metal concentrations. The connection of Urine metals level with cognitive function was investigated employing binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models.ResultsA total of 840 participants aged 60 years and over were enrolled in this study. After controlling for confounders, the association between cadmium, barium, cobalt, cesium, manganese, and thallium and poor cognitive performance showed significance in multiple logistic regression compared to the lowest quartile of metals. In the DSST test, the weighted multivariate adjusted ORs (95% CI) for cadmium in the highest quartile, barium and cesium in the third quartile were 2.444 (1.310-4.560), 0.412 (0.180-0.942) and 0.440 (0.198-0.979), respectively. There were L-shaped associations between urine cesium, barium, or manganese and low cognitive performance in DSST. Urine lead, molybdenum and uranium did not show any significant relationships with cognitive impairment, respectively, compared to the respective lowest quartile concentrations.ConclusionThe levels of barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), cesium (Cs), manganese (Mn), and thallium (Tl) in urine were found to be negatively related to the prevalence of impaired cognitive performance in our cross-sectional investigation. Higher cadmium (Cd) levels were associated with cognitive impairment.
| S-EPMC9485476 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between domain-specific physical activity (PA) (e.g., occupational PA [OPA], transport-related PA [TPA], and recreational PA [RPA]) and cognitive function in older adults.MethodsThe data was obtained from the 2011-2014 cycle of the NHANES. We utilized weighted multivariate linear regression models among the included 2,924 people aged 60 years or older for our purposes.ResultsRPA and total PA according to WHO guidelines were associated with verbal fluency (RPA β: 1.400, 95% CI: 0.776, 2.024, p = 0.002; total PA β: 1.115, 95% CI: 0.571, 1.659, p = 0.001), processing speed and executive function (RPA β: 2.912, 95% CI. 1.291, 4.534, p = 0.005; total PA β: 2.974, 95% CI: 1.683, 4.265, p < 0.001) were positively correlated, and total PA was correlated with delayed memory performance (β: 0.254, 95% CI: 0.058, 0.449, p = 0.019). No significant association was observed between OPA, TPA, and various aspects of cognitive function among individuals over 60 years.ConclusionThere was no noteworthy correlation discovered between OPA and TPA in relation to cognitive function. However, RPA and total PA exhibited significant associations with verbal fluency, processing speed, and executive function. Additionally, maintaining PA levels ranging from 600 to 1,200 MET-min/week would yield the most favorable outcomes for cognitive function.
| S-EPMC11303168 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo investigate the relationship between food insecurity and cognitive decline among elderly Americans.MethodsUtilizing NHANES 2011-2014 data, we examined cognitive function via the Immediate Recall Test (IRT), Delayed Recall Test (DRT), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and assessed food security through the US Food Security Survey Module. Multiple regression models were used to adjust for demographic and health variables.ResultsFood insecurity demonstrated a significant association with lower cognitive function scores. The effects of food insecurity on cognitive function were moderated by factors such as smoking and alcohol use, indicating a direct influence of food insecurity on cognitive decline.ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of food security for cognitive health in the elderly and advocates for targeted interventions to address nutritional disparities and enhance cognitive functioning in aging populations.
| S-EPMC11252057 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objectives: Dietary carotenoids may limit neuronal damage from free radicals, potentially serving as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. We examined intake of lutein and zeaxanthin (L and Z) in relation to cognitive performance among 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants aged ≥60 years. Methods: L and Z intake from foods and supplements was estimated from two non-consecutive 24-hour diet recalls. Outcomes included the CERAD Word Learning sub-test score, Animal Fluency test score, and Digit Symbol Substitution test score. Regression models were adjusted for survey design variables, year, sex, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, family income, education, alcohol, and smoking. Results: Among the 2796 participants, higher dietary intake of L and Z was associated with higher score on each test. For example, the highest quartile of L and Z intake was associated with a 2.52 point increase (SE=0.86 points, P=0.01) on the digit symbol score test, compared with the lowest quartile. There were differences by race/ethnicity, with positive associations generally stronger for Black compared to white participants. Discussion: Further research from longitudinal studies is needed, but increasing L and Z intake may help to prevent or slow cognitive decline.
| S-EPMC6467741 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to examine the association of coffee, caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee and caffeine intake from coffee with cognitive performance in older adults. we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Coffee and caffeine intake were obtained through two 24-hour dietary recalls. Cognitive performance was evaluated by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) test, Animal Fluency test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to evaluate the association of coffee and caffeine intake with cognitive performance. A total of 2513 participants aged 60 years or older were included. In the fully adjusted model, compared to those reporting no coffee consumption, those who reported 266.4-495 (g/day) had a multivariate adjusted odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.56(0.35-0.89) for DSST test score, compared to those reporting no caffeinated coffee consumption, those who reported ≥384.8 (g/day) had a multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI) of 0.68(0.48-0.97) for DSST test score, compared to the lowest quartile of caffeine intake from coffee, the multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) of the quartile (Q) three was 0.62(0.38-0.98) for the CERAD test score. L-shaped associations were apparent for coffee, caffeinated coffee and caffeine from coffee with the DSST test score and CERAD test score. No significant association was observed between decaffeinated coffee and different dimensions of cognitive performance. Our study suggests that coffee, caffeinated coffee and caffeine from coffee were associated with cognitive performance, while decaffeinated coffee was not associated with cognitive performance.
| S-EPMC7146118 | biostudies-literature