Dataset Information

Educational level and the risk of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm in different age-groups: A cohort study covering 1,6 million subjects in the Stockholm region.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To investigate the associations between low education and risk of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm in different age-groups.

Methods

All subjects in Stockholm born between 1931 and 1990 were linked to their own or their parent's highest education in 2000 and followed-up for these disorders in health care registers 2001-2016. Subjects were stratified into four age-groups: 10-18, 19-27, 28-50, and 51-70 years. Hazard Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated with Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Low education increased the risk of substance use disorders and self-harm in all age-groups. Males aged 10-18 with low education had increased risks of ADHD and conduct disorders, and females a decreased risk of anorexia, bulimia and autism. Those aged 19-27 years had increased risks of anxiety and depression, and those aged 28-50 had increased risks of all mental disorders except anorexia and bulimia in males with Hazard Ratios ranging from 1.2 (95% CIs 1.0-1.3) for bipolar disorder to 5.4 (95% CIs 5.1-5.7) for drug use disorder. Females aged 51-70 years had increased risks of schizophrenia and autism.

Conclusion

Low education is associated with risk of most mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm in all age-groups, but especially among those aged 28-50 years.

SUBMITTER: Li B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10698815 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Educational level and the risk of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm in different age-groups: A cohort study covering 1,6 million subjects in the Stockholm region.

Li Baojing B Allebeck Peter P Burstöm Bo B Danielsson Anna-Karin AK Degenhardt Louisa L Eikemo Terje A TA Ferrari Alize A Knudsen Ann Kristin AK Lundin Andreas A Manhica Hélio H Newton John J Whiteford Harvey H Flodin Pär P Sjöqvist Hugo H Agardh Emilie E EE

International journal of methods in psychiatric research 20230217 4

<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate the associations between low education and risk of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm in different age-groups.<h4>Methods</h4>All subjects in Stockholm born between 1931 and 1990 were linked to their own or their parent's highest education in 2000 and followed-up for these disorders in health care registers 2001-2016. Subjects were stratified into four age-groups: 10-18, 19-27, 28-50, and 51-70 years. Hazard Ratios with 95% Confidence Interva ...[more]

PMID: 36802082

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Project description:Conjugate (or 1,4-) additions of carbanionic species to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are vital to research in organic and medicinal chemistry, and there are several chiral catalysts that facilitate the catalytic enantioselective additions of nucleophiles to enoates. Nonetheless, catalytic enantioselective 1,6-conjugate additions are uncommon, and ones that incorporate readily functionalizable moieties, such as propargyl or allyl groups, into acyclic α,β,γ,δ-doubly unsaturated acceptors are unknown. Chemical transformations that could generate a new bond at the C6 position of a dienoate are particularly desirable because the resulting products could then be subjected to further modifications. However, such reactions, especially when dienoates contain two equally substituted olefins, are scarce and are confined to reactions promoted by a phosphine-copper catalyst (with an alkyl Grignard reagent, dialkylzinc or trialkylaluminium compounds), a diene-iridium catalyst (with arylboroxines), or a bisphosphine-cobalt catalyst (with monosilyl-acetylenes). 1,6-Conjugate additions are otherwise limited to substrates where there is full substitution at the C4 position. It is unclear why certain catalysts favour bond formation at C6, and-although there are a small number of catalytic enantioselective conjugate allyl additions-related 1,6-additions and processes involving a propargyl unit are non-existent. Here we show that an easily accessible organocopper catalyst can promote 1,6-conjugate additions of propargyl and 2-boryl-substituted allyl groups to acyclic dienoates with high selectivity. A commercially available allenyl-boron compound or a monosubstituted allene may be used. Products can be obtained in up to 83 per cent yield, >98:2 diastereomeric ratio (for allyl additions) and 99:1 enantiomeric ratio. We elucidate the mechanistic details, including the origins of high site selectivity (1,6- versus 1,4-) and enantioselectivity as a function of the catalyst structure and reaction type, by means of density functional theory calculations. The utility of the approach is highlighted by an application towards enantioselective synthesis of the anti-HIV agent (-)-equisetin.

Dataset Information

Educational level and the risk of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm in different age-groups: A cohort study covering 1,6 million subjects in the Stockholm region.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Educational level and the risk of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm in different age-groups: A cohort study covering 1,6 million subjects in the Stockholm region.

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