Dataset Information

Novel Pathogen-Plant Host Interaction: Colletotrichum jiangxiense and Fraxinus americana L. (White Ash) in a Sentinel Garden in China.

ABSTRACT: Fraxinus americana L. (white ash), a native North American tree commonly cultivated for its ornamental qualities, displayed symptoms of leaf spot disease in a sentinel garden located in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, in 2022. This disease led to premature leaf shedding, adversely affecting the plant's growth and substantially diminishing its ornamental value. Potential fungal pathogens were isolated from the diseased leaves and the subsequent application of Koch's postulates confirmed the pathogenicity of the fungal isolates (BL-1, BL-2). Through a combination of multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, including ITS, ACT, ApMat, CAL, CHS-1, GAPDH, and TUB2, alongside morphological assessments, the fungus was conclusively identified as Colletotrichum jiangxiense. This represents the first record of C. jiangxiense affecting white ash, highlighting the important role of sentinel gardens in uncovering novel pathogen-plant host interactions.

SUBMITTER: Chang L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10707857 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Novel Pathogen-Plant Host Interaction: Colletotrichum jiangxiense and Fraxinus americana L. (White Ash) in a Sentinel Garden in China.

Chang Lin L Li Yilin Y Gao Ziwen Z Bonello Pierluigi Enrico PE Cleary Michelle M Munck Isabel A IA Santini Alberto A Sun Hui H

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20231128 23

Fraxinus americana L. (white ash), a native North American tree commonly cultivated for its ornamental qualities, displayed symptoms of leaf spot disease in a sentinel garden located in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, in 2022. This disease led to premature leaf shedding, adversely affecting the plant's growth and substantially diminishing its ornamental value. Potential fungal pathogens were isolated from the diseased leaves and the subsequent application of Koch's postulates confirmed the patho ...[more]

PMID: 38068636

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Project description:BackgroundAsh (Fraxinus spp.) is a dominant tree species throughout urban and forested landscapes of North America (NA). The rapid invasion of NA by emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), a wood-boring beetle endemic to Eastern Asia, has resulted in the death of millions of ash trees and threatens billions more. Larvae feed primarily on phloem tissue, which girdles and kills the tree. While NA ash species including black (F. nigra), green (F. pennsylvannica) and white (F. americana) are highly susceptible, the Asian species Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica) is resistant to A. planipennis perhaps due to their co-evolutionary history. Little is known about the molecular genetics of ash. Hence, we undertook a functional genomics approach to identify the repertoire of genes expressed in ash phloem.Methodology and principal findingsUsing 454 pyrosequencing we obtained 58,673 high quality ash sequences from pooled phloem samples of green, white, black, blue and Manchurian ash. Intriguingly, 45% of the deduced proteins were not significantly similar to any sequences in the GenBank non-redundant database. KEGG analysis of the ash sequences revealed a high occurrence of defense related genes. Expression analysis of early regulators potentially involved in plant defense (i.e. transcription factors, calcium dependent protein kinases and a lipoxygenase 3) revealed higher mRNA levels in resistant ash compared to susceptible ash species. Lastly, we predicted a total of 1,272 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 980 microsatellite loci, among which seven microsatellite loci showed polymorphism between different ash species.Conclusions and significanceThe current transcriptomic data provide an invaluable resource for understanding the genetic make-up of ash phloem, the target tissue of A. planipennis. These data along with future functional studies could lead to the identification/characterization of defense genes involved in resistance of ash to A. planipennis, and in future ash breeding programs for marker development.

Project description:BackgroundKnowledge of genetic structure and the factors that shape it has an impact on forest management practices. European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) has declined dramatically throughout its range as a result of a disease caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Despite the need for conservation and restoration of the species, genetic data required to guide these efforts at the country level are scarce. Thereofore, we studied the chloroplast and nuclear genetic diversity of 26 natural common ash populations (1269 trees) in Poland.ResultsChloroplast polymorphisms grouped the populations into two geographically structured phylogenetic lineages ascribed to different glacial refugia (the Balkans and the Eastern Alps). However, the populations demonstrated high genetic diversity (mean AR = 12.35; mean Ho = 0.769; mean He = 0.542) but low differentiation based on nuclear microsatellites (FST = 0.045). Significant spatial genetic structure, consistent with models of isolation by distance, was detected in 14 out of 23 populations. Estimated effective population size was moderate-to-high, with a harmonic mean of 57.5 individuals per population.ConclusionsGenetic diversity was not homogeneously distributed among populations within phylogenetic gene pools, indicating that ash populations are not equal as potential sources of reproductive material. Genetic differences among populations could be related to their histories, including founder effects or gene flow between evolutionary lineages (admixture). Our results suggest that ash stands across Poland could be treated as two main management units (seed zones). Therefore, despite the homogenizing effect of pollen gene flow known for this species, the genetic structure should be taken into account in the management of the genetic resources of the common ash. Although ash dieback poses an additional challenge for the management of genetic resources, efforts should be directed towards protecting populations with high genetic diversity within defined phylogenetic units, as they may be an important source of adaptive variation for future stands.

Dataset Information

Novel Pathogen-Plant Host Interaction: Colletotrichum jiangxiense and Fraxinus americana L. (White Ash) in a Sentinel Garden in China.

Publications

Novel Pathogen-Plant Host Interaction: <i>Colletotrichum jiangxiense</i> and <i>Fraxinus americana</i> L. (White Ash) in a Sentinel Garden in China.

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Dataset Information

Novel Pathogen-Plant Host Interaction: Colletotrichum jiangxiense and Fraxinus americana L. (White Ash) in a Sentinel Garden in China.

Publications

Novel Pathogen-Plant Host Interaction: &lt;i&gt;Colletotrichum jiangxiense&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Fraxinus americana&lt;/i&gt; L. (White Ash) in a Sentinel Garden in China.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

Novel Pathogen-Plant Host Interaction: <i>Colletotrichum jiangxiense</i> and <i>Fraxinus americana</i> L. (White Ash) in a Sentinel Garden in China.