Dataset Information

Melatonin-Mediated Enhancement of Photosynthetic Capacity and Photoprotection Improves Salt Tolerance in Wheat.

ABSTRACT: The role of melatonin in plant growth and response to environmental stress has been widely demonstrated. However, the physiological and molecular regulation of salt tolerance in wheat seedlings by melatonin remains unclear. In this study, we investigated changes in phenotype, physiology, photosynthetic parameters, and transcript levels in wheat seedlings to reveal the role of melatonin in the regulation of salt tolerance in wheat. The results indicate that the application of exogenous melatonin significantly alleviates growth inhibition, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and membrane oxidative damage induced by salt stress in wheat. Additionally, exogenous melatonin increased antioxidant enzyme activity and regulated photosynthetic gas exchange. Transcriptomic data showed a significant up-regulation of genes encoding light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex proteins in photosynthesis and genes related to chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis under the influence of melatonin. These results suggest that exogenous melatonin improves salt tolerance in wheat seedlings by enhancing the antioxidant, photoprotective, and photosynthesis activities.

SUBMITTER: Yan D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10708427 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Melatonin-Mediated Enhancement of Photosynthetic Capacity and Photoprotection Improves Salt Tolerance in Wheat.

Yan Di D Wang Jiajie J Lu Zhenzong Z Liu Rui R Hong Yue Y Su Baocai B Wang Ye Y Peng Zhen Z Yu Chunxin C Gao Yuerong Y Liu Ziyan Z Xu Zhaoshi Z Duan Liusheng L Li Runzhi R

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20231127 23

The role of melatonin in plant growth and response to environmental stress has been widely demonstrated. However, the physiological and molecular regulation of salt tolerance in wheat seedlings by melatonin remains unclear. In this study, we investigated changes in phenotype, physiology, photosynthetic parameters, and transcript levels in wheat seedlings to reveal the role of melatonin in the regulation of salt tolerance in wheat. The results indicate that the application of exogenous melatonin ...[more]

PMID: 38068620

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Project description:BackgroundSoil salinization is becoming an increasingly serious problem worldwide, resulting in cultivated land loss and desertification, as well as having a serious impact on agriculture and the economy. The indoleamine melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has a wide array of biological roles in plants, including acting as an auxin analog and an antioxidant. Previous studies have shown that exogenous melatonin application alleviates the salt-induced growth inhibition in non-halophyte plants; however, to our knowledge, melatonin effects have not been examined on halophytes, and it is unclear whether melatonin provides similar protection to salt-exposed halophytic plants.ResultsWe exposed the halophyte Limonium bicolor to salt stress (300 mM) and concomitantly treated the plants with 5 μM melatonin to examine the effect of melatonin on salt tolerance. Exogenous melatonin treatment promoted the growth of L. bicolor under salt stress, as reflected by increasing its fresh weight and leaf area. This increased growth was caused by an increase in net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. Treatment of salt-stressed L. bicolor seedlings with 5 μM melatonin also enhanced the activities of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], peroxidase [POD], catalase [CAT], and ascorbate peroxidase [APX]), while significantly decreasing the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2•-), and malondialdehyde (MDA). To screen for L. bicolor genes involved in the above physiological processes, high-throughput RNA sequencing was conducted. A gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that genes related to photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species scavenging, the auxin-dependent signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were highly expressed under melatonin treatment. These data indicated that melatonin improved photosynthesis, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated MAPK-mediated antioxidant responses, triggering a downstream MAPK cascade that upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes. Thus, melatonin improves the salt tolerance of L. bicolor by increasing photosynthesis and improving cellular redox homeostasis under salt stress.ConclusionsOur results showed that melatonin can upregulate the expression of genes related to photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species scavenging and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of L. bicolor under salt stress, which can improve photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities. Thus melatonin can promote the growth of the species and maintain the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species to alleviate salt stress.

Project description:Salt stress is a severe environmental factor that detrimentally affects wheat growth and production worldwide. Previous studies illustrate that exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) significantly improved salt tolerance in plants. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms of JA induced physiochemical changes in wheat seedlings under salt stress conditions. In this study, biophysiochemical and transcriptome analysis was conducted to explore the mechanisms of exogenous JA induced salt tolerance in wheat. Exogenous JA increased salt tolerance of wheat seedlings by alleviating membrane lipid oxidation, improving root morphology, enhancing the contents of ABA, JA and SA and increasing relative water content. In the RNA-seq profiles, we identified a total of 54,263 unigenes and 1,407 unigenes showed differentially expressed patterns in JA pretreated wheat seedlings exposed to salt stress comparing to those with salt stress alone. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis characterized that DEGs involved in linoleic acid metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were up-regulated predominantly in JA pretreated wheat seedlings exposed to salt stress. We noticed that genes that involved in antioxidative defense system and that encoding transcription factors were mainly up- or down-regulated. Moreover, SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities were increased in JA pretreated wheat seedlings exposed to salt stress, which is in accordance with the transcript profiles of the relevant genes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the genes and enzymes involved in physiological and biochemical processes of antioxidant system, plant hormones and transcriptional regulation contributed to JA-mediated enhancement of salt tolerance in wheat. These findings will facilitate the elucidation of the potential molecular mechanisms associated with JA-dependent amelioration of salt stress in wheat and lay theoretical foundations for future studies concerning the improvement of plant tolerance to abiotic environmental stresses.

Project description:Melatonin, a widely known indoleamine molecule that mediates various animal and plant physiological processes, is formed from N-acetyl serotonin via N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT). ASMT is an enzyme that catalyzes melatonin synthesis in plants in the rate-determining step and is homologous to hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) melatonin synthase in animals. To date, little is known about the effect of HIOMT on salinity in apple plants. Here, we explored the melatonin physiological function in the salinity condition response by heterologous expressing the homologous human HIOMT gene in apple plants. We discovered that the expression of melatonin-related gene (MdASMT) in apple plants was induced by salinity. Most notably, compared with the wild type, three transgenic lines indicated higher melatonin levels, and the heterologous expression of HIOMT enhanced the expression of melatonin synthesis genes. The transgenic lines showed reduced salt damage symptoms, lower relative electrolyte leakage, and less total chlorophyll loss from leaves under salt stress. Meanwhile, through enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes, transgenic lines decreased the reactive oxygen species accumulation, downregulated the expression of the abscisic acid synthesis gene (MdNCED3), accordingly reducing the accumulation of abscisic acid under salt stress. Both mechanisms regulated morphological changes in the stomata synergistically, thereby mitigating damage to the plants' photosynthetic ability. In addition, transgenic plants also effectively stabilized their ion balance, raised the expression of salt stress-related genes, as well as alleviated osmotic stress through changes in amino acid metabolism. In summary, heterologous expression of HIOMT improved the adaptation of apple leaves to salt stress, primarily by increasing melatonin concentration, maintaining a high photosynthetic capacity, reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation, and maintaining normal ion homeostasis.

Dataset Information

Melatonin-Mediated Enhancement of Photosynthetic Capacity and Photoprotection Improves Salt Tolerance in Wheat.

Publications

Melatonin-Mediated Enhancement of Photosynthetic Capacity and Photoprotection Improves Salt Tolerance in Wheat.

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